Te Tātaritanga Hōhonu me te Whakataurite i ngā Tikanga Kohi Raraunga Whatunga TAP me SPAN

I roto i ngā mara o te whakahaere me te tiaki whatunga, te rapurongoā, me te tātari haumarutanga, ko te kohikohi tika me te whai hua i ngā awa raraunga whatunga te tūāpapa mō te whakahaere i ngā mahi maha. Hei hangarau kohikohi raraunga whatunga matua e rua, he mea nui te mahi a te TAP (Test Access Point) me te SPAN (Switched Port Analyzer, e kiia ana ko te port mirroring) i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē nā ō rāua āhuatanga hangarau motuhake. He mea nui te māramatanga hohonu ki ō rāua āhuatanga, ngā painga, ngā herenga, me ngā āhuatanga e tika ana kia taea ai e ngā kaihangarau whatunga te whakatakoto mahere kohikohi raraunga tika me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere whatunga.

TAP: He Otinga Hopu Raraunga "Kore Ngaro" Whānui, Āta Kitea hoki

He taputapu pūmārō te TAP e mahi ana i te paparanga hononga raraunga, i te paparanga hononga ā-tinana rānei. Ko tana mahi matua he whakatutuki i te tāruarua 100% me te hopu i ngā awa raraunga whatunga me te kore e whakararuraru i te waka whatunga taketake. Mā te hono raupapa i roto i te hononga whatunga (hei tauira, i waenga i te pana me te tūmau, i te pouara me te pana rānei), ka tāruarua e ia ngā mōkihi raraunga katoa e haere ana i roto i te hononga ki te tauranga aroturuki mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga "wehewehenga whatu" me te "wehewehenga waka", hei tukatuka i muri mai e ngā taputapu tātari (pēnei i ngā tātari whatunga me ngā Pūnaha Kitenga Urupare - IDS).

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua: E aro ana ki te "Pono" me te "Pūmautanga"

1. Hopu Pūkete Raraunga 100% me te Kore Mōrearea Ngaronga

Koinei te painga nui o TAP. Nā te mea ka mahi a TAP i te paparanga ā-tinana, ā, ka tārua tika i ngā tohu hiko, ā-whatu rānei i roto i te hononga, kāore e whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi CPU o te pana mō te tukunga atu, te tāruarua rānei i ngā mōkihi raraunga. Nō reira, ahakoa kei te tino pai te haere o te whatunga, kei roto rānei ngā mōkihi raraunga nui (pērā i ngā Jumbo Frames me te uara MTU nui), ka taea te hopu katoa i ngā mōkihi raraunga me te kore e ngaro te mōkihi nā te kore rawa o ngā rauemi pana. Nā tēnei āhuatanga "hopu kore ngaronga" ka waiho hei otinga pai mō ngā horopaki e hiahia ana ki te tautoko raraunga tika (pērā i te tauwāhi pūtake hapa me te tātaritanga turanga mahi whatunga).

2. Kāore he Pānga ki te Mahi a te Whatunga Taketake

Mā te aratau mahi a TAP ka kore e whakararuraru i te hononga whatunga taketake. Kāore e whakarerekē i te ihirangi, i ngā wāhitau pūtake/taunga, i te wā rānei o ngā mōkihi raraunga, kāore hoki e nohoia te whānui o te tauranga o te pana, te keteroki, ngā rauemi tukatuka rānei. Ahakoa ka hē te mahi a te taputapu TAP (pēnei i te ngoikore o te hiko, te kino rānei o te taputapu), kāore he putanga raraunga mai i te tauranga aroturuki, engari ka noho noa te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o te hononga whatunga taketake, ka karo i te mōrearea o te motumotu whatunga i puta mai i te ngoikore o ngā taputapu kohikohi raraunga.

3. Tautoko mō ngā Hononga Matarua-Katoa me ngā Taiao Whatunga Matatini

Ko te nuinga o ngā whatunga hou e whakamahi ana i te aratau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero takirua-katoa (arā, ka taea te tuku raraunga whakarunga me te whakararo i te wā kotahi). Ka taea e TAP te hopu i ngā awa raraunga i ngā taha e rua o te hononga takirua-katoa, ka tukuna atu mā roto i ngā tauranga aroturuki motuhake, kia taea ai e te taputapu tātari te whakahoki katoa i te tukanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rua-ara. Hei tāpiri, ka tautoko a TAP i ngā tere whatunga rerekē (pēnei i te 100M, 1G, 10G, 40G, tae atu ki te 100G) me ngā momo pāpāho (takirua miro, muka aratau-kotahi, muka aratau-maha), ā, ka taea te urutau ki ngā taiao whatunga o ngā uauatanga rerekē pēnei i ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā whatunga tuara matua, me ngā whatunga puni.

Ngā Horopaki Taupānga: Te Arotahi ki te "Tātari Tika" me te "Aroturuki Hononga Matua"

1. Te Rapu Rapanga Whatunga me te Tauwāhi Pūtake

Ina puta ngā raruraru pēnei i te ngaronga o ngā kete, te whakaroa, te wiri, te whakaroa rānei o ngā tono i roto i te whatunga, me whakahoki mai te āhuatanga i puta ai te hapa mā roto i te rerenga kete raraunga katoa. Hei tauira, mēnā ka pāngia ngā pūnaha pakihi matua o tētahi hinonga (pēnei i te ERP me te CRM) e ngā wā whakatā urunga wā-poto, ka taea e ngā kaimahi whakahaere me te tiaki te whakatakoto i tētahi TAP i waenga i te tūmau me te pana matua hei hopu i ngā kete raraunga haere-hoki katoa, te tātari mēnā he take pēnei i te tuku anō TCP, te ngaronga kete, te whakaroa whakataunga DNS, ngā hapa kawa paparanga tono rānei, ā, mā reira ka tere te kimi i te pūtake o te hapa (pēnei i ngā raruraru kounga hononga, te puhoi o te urupare tūmau, ngā hapa whirihoranga waenga-pūmanawa rānei).

2. Te Whakatūnga Tūāpapa Mahi Whatunga me te Aroturuki i ngā Āhuatanga Kāore i te Tika

I roto i te whakahaere me te tiaki whatunga, ko te whakatū i tētahi tūāpapa mahi i raro i ngā kawenga pakihi noa (pēnei i te whakamahinga whānui toharite, te whakaroa tukunga mōkihi raraunga, me te reiti angitu whakatū hononga TCP) te pūtake mō te aroturuki i ngā hapa. Ka taea e TAP te hopu pūmau i ngā raraunga katoa o ngā hononga matua (pēnei i waenga i ngā pana matua me waenga i ngā pouara putanga me ngā ISP) mō te wā roa, ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi whakahaere me te tiaki ki te tatau i ngā tohu mahi me te whakatū i tētahi tauira tūāpapa tika. Ina puta mai ngā hapa i muri mai pēnei i te pikinga ohorere o te waka, ngā whakaroa rerekē, ngā hapa kawa rānei (pēnei i ngā tono ARP rerekē me te maha o ngā mōkihi ICMP), ka taea te kite wawe i ngā hapa mā te whakataurite ki te tūāpapa, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i te wawaotanga i te wā tika.

3. Te Arotake i ngā Whakatutukitanga me te Kite i ngā Tūraru me ngā Whakaritenga Haumarutanga Teitei

Mō ngā ahumahi he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te haumarutanga raraunga me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga pērā i te pūtea, ngā take kāwanatanga, me te pūngao, me whakahaere he arotake tukanga katoa o te tukanga tuku raraunga tairongo, me te kimi tika rānei i ngā tūmomo riri whatunga pea (pērā i ngā whakaeke APT, te turuturu raraunga, me te horapa waehere kino). Mā te āhuatanga hopu kore-ngaro o te TAP ka whakarite i te pono me te tika o ngā raraunga arotake, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā ture me ngā ture pērā i te "Ture Haumarutanga Whatunga" me te "Ture Haumarutanga Raraunga" mō te pupuri raraunga me te arotake; i te wa ano, ka whakaratohia hoki e ngā kete raraunga rahinga-katoa ngā tauira tātaritanga whai rawa mō ngā pūnaha kimi riri (pērā i te IDS/IPS me ngā taputapu pouaka onepu), ka āwhina i te kimi i ngā riri iti-auau me ngā riri huna e huna ana i roto i te waka noa (pērā i te waehere kino i roto i te waka whakamuna me ngā whakaeke urunga e huna ana hei pakihi noa).

Ngā Here: Te Tauhokohoko i waenga i te Utu me te Ngāwari o te Whakatakotoranga

Ko ngā herenga matua o TAP kei roto i te utu nui o ngā taputapu me te iti o te ngāwari o te whakatinanatanga. I tētahi taha, he taputapu taputapu motuhake a TAP, ā, inā koa, he nui ake te utu o ngā TAP e tautoko ana i ngā tere teitei (pēnei i te 40G me te 100G) me ngā pāpāho muka whatu i te mahi SPAN e hangai ana ki te pūmanawa; i tētahi atu taha, me hono raupapa a TAP i roto i te hononga whatunga taketake, ā, me whakamutu te hononga mō te wā poto i te wā whakatinanatanga (pēnei i te mono me te momotu i ngā taura whatunga, i ngā muka whatu rānei). Mō ētahi hononga matua kāore e whakaae kia whakamutua (pēnei i ngā hononga tauwhitinga pūtea e mahi ana 24/7), he uaua te whakatinanatanga, ā, me rāhui ngā pūwāhi urunga TAP i mua i te wā whakamahere whatunga.

SPAN: He Otinga Whakaemi Raraunga "Maha-Tauranga" Whai Hua, Ngāwari hoki

He mahi pūmanawa te SPAN kua hangaia ki roto i ngā pana (e tautokohia ana hoki e ētahi pouara matatau). Ko tana kaupapa matua he whirihora i te pana ki roto kia tāruatia te rere mai i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā tauranga pūtake (Pūtake Ports) i ngā VLAN pūtake rānei ki tētahi tauranga aroturuki kua tohua (Destination Port, e mōhiotia ana ko te tauranga whakaata) hei whiwhi me te tukatuka mā te taputapu tātari. Kāore i rite ki te TAP, kāore te SPAN e hiahia ki ētahi atu taputapu pūmārō, ā, ka taea te kohikohi raraunga mā te whakawhirinaki ki te whirihoranga pūmanawa o te pana.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua: E aro ana ki te "Whakataurite i te Utu" me te "Ngāwari"

1. Kore Utu Taputapu Tāpiri, ā, he Whakatakotoranga Watea

Nā te mea he mahi kua hangaia ki roto i te pūmanawa whakawhiti te SPAN, kāore he take ki te hoko taputapu pūmārō motuhake. Ka taea te whakahohe tere i te kohikohinga raraunga mā te whirihora mā te CLI (Command Line Interface) te atanga whakahaere Tukutuku rānei (pērā i te tohu i te tauranga pūtake, te tauranga aroturuki, me te ahunga whakaata (taumai, taumai, rua-ara rānei)). Mā tēnei āhuatanga "kore utu taputapu" ka waiho hei whiringa pai mō ngā horopaki he iti ngā tahua, he hiahia aroturuki rangitahi rānei (pērā i te whakamātautau tono wā poto me te rapurongoā rangitahi).

2. Tautoko mō te Whakakotahitanga Waka Maha-Pūtake / Maha-VLAN

Ko tētahi painga nui o SPAN ko tōna kaha ki te tārua i ngā waka mai i ngā tauranga pūtake maha (pērā i ngā tauranga kaiwhakamahi o ngā pana paparanga urunga maha) me ngā VLAN maha ki te tauranga aroturuki kotahi i te wā kotahi. Hei tauira, mēnā me aroturuki ngā kaimahi whakahaere me te tiaki hinonga i ngā waka o ngā teihana kaimahi i roto i ngā tari maha (e rite ana ki ngā VLAN rerekē) e uru ana ki te Ipurangi, kāore he take ki te whakatakoto i ngā taputapu kohikohi motuhake ki te putanga o ia VLAN. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā waka o ēnei VLAN ki te tauranga aroturuki kotahi mā SPAN, ka taea te whakatinana i te tātari pokapū, ka whakapai ake i te ngāwari me te whai huatanga o te kohikohi raraunga.

3. Kāore he take ki te whakakore i te hononga whatunga taketake

He rerekē i te whakatinanatanga raupapa o TAP, ko te tauranga pūtake me te tauranga aroturuki o SPAN he tauranga noa o te pana. I te wā o te tukanga whirihoranga, kāore he take ki te mono me te momotu i ngā taura whatunga o te hononga taketake, ā, kāore he pānga ki te tuku o te waka taketake. Ahakoa me whakarite te tauranga pūtake, me whakakore rānei i te mahi SPAN i muri mai, ka taea anake te mahi mā te whakarerekē i te whirihoranga mā te raina whakahau, he mea watea ki te whakahaere, ā, kāore he pokanoa ki ngā ratonga whatunga.

Ngā Horopaki Taupānga: Te Arotahi ki te "Aroturukitanga Utu-Iti" me te "Tātaritanga Matua"

1. Te Aroturuki i ngā Whēkau a ngā Kaiwhakamahi i roto i ngā Whatunga o te Kāmpus / Whatunga Hinonga

I roto i ngā whatunga o te kāmpus, i ngā whatunga hinonga rānei, me aro turuki tonu ngā kaiwhakahaere mēnā he urunga turekore tā ngā teihana mahi a ngā kaimahi (pēnei i te urunga ki ngā paetukutuku turekore me te tango i ngā pūmanawa tahae) me te mea he nui ngā tango P2P, ngā awa ataata rānei e whakamahi ana i te whānui o te hononga. Mā te whakakotahi i te rere o ngā tauranga kaiwhakamahi o ngā pana paparanga uru ki te tauranga aroturuki mā te SPAN, me te whakamahi tahi me ngā pūmanawa tātari rere (pēnei i a Wireshark me NetFlow Analyzer), ka taea te aro turuki i ngā whanonga kaiwhakamahi me ngā tatauranga o te nohonga whānui o ngā hononga me te kore e hiahiatia he haumi taputapu tāpiri.

2. Te Whakatau Rapanga Wā Poto me te Whakamātautau Taupānga Wā Poto

Ina puta he hapa rangitahi, he hapa wā poto rānei i roto i te whatunga, ina hiahiatia rānei te whakamātautau i ngā waka i runga i tētahi tono hou kua whakatinanahia (pēnei i tētahi pūnaha OA ā-roto me tētahi pūnaha hui ataata), ka taea te whakamahi i te SPAN hei hanga tere i tētahi taiao kohikohi raraunga. Hei tauira, ki te pūrongohia e tētahi tari he maha ngā wā e kati ana i roto i ngā hui ataata, ka taea e ngā kaimahi whakahaere me te tiaki te whirihora i te SPAN hei whakaata i te waka o te tauranga kei reira te tūmau hui ataata ki te tauranga aroturuki. Mā te tātari i te whakaroa mōkihi raraunga, te tere ngaronga mōkihi, me te noho o te whānui o te hononga, ka taea te whakatau mēnā nā te korenga o te whānui o te hononga whatunga, nā te ngaronga rānei o ngā mōkihi raraunga te take o te hapa. Kia oti te rapurongoā, ka taea te whakakore i te whirihoranga SPAN me te kore e pā ki ngā mahi whatunga o muri mai.

3. Ngā Tatauranga Waka me te Arotake Māmā i roto i ngā Whatunga Iti me te Rahi Waenga

Mō ngā whatunga iti me te rahi-waenga (pērā i ngā umanga iti me ngā taiwhanga o te puni), mēnā kāore i te teitei te whakaritenga mō te pono o te kohikohinga raraunga, ā, ko ngā tatauranga waka ngāwari noa iho e hiahiatia ana (pērā i te whakamahinga o te whānui o ia tauranga me te ōwehenga waka o ngā tono Top N) me te arotake ture taketake (pērā i te tuhi i ngā ingoa rohe paetukutuku e uru atu ana ngā kaiwhakamahi), ka taea e SPAN te whakatutuki katoa i ngā hiahia. Nā ōna āhuatanga iti te utu me te ngāwari ki te whakatinana, he kōwhiringa whai hua mō ēnei āhuatanga.

Ngā Here: Ngā ngoikoretanga o te Pono o ngā Raraunga me te Pānga ki te Mahi

1. Te Mōrearea o te Ngaronga o te Mōkihi Raraunga me te Hopu Kore i te Oti

Ko te tāruarua o ngā mōkihi raraunga e SPAN e whakawhirinaki ana ki te PTM me ngā rauemi keteroki o te pana. Ina tae te waka o te tauranga pūtake ki tōna taumata teitei (pēnei i te nui rawa o te kaha keteroki o te pana) ina tukatukahia rānei e te pana he maha ngā mahi tuku i te wā kotahi, ka aro nui te PTM ki te whakarite kia tukuna te waka taketake, ā, ka whakaitihia, ka whakamutua rānei te tāruarua o te waka SPAN, ka hua ake te ngaronga o ngā mōkihi i te tauranga aroturuki. Hei tāpiri, he here kei ētahi pana ki te ōwehenga whakaata o te SPAN (pēnei i te tautoko noa i te tāruarua o te 80% o te waka) kāore rānei e tautoko i te tāruarua katoa o ngā mōkihi raraunga rahi (pēnei i ngā Jumbo Frames). Ka arahi ēnei katoa ki ngā raraunga kua kohia kāore i oti, ā, ka pā ki te tika o ngā hua tātaritanga o muri mai.

2. Te Nohoia o ngā Rauemi Whakawhiti me te Pānga Pea ki te Mahi Whatunga

Ahakoa kāore a SPAN e whakakore tika i te hononga taketake, ina nui te maha o ngā tauranga pūtake, ina taumaha rānei te waka, ka nohoia e te tukanga tāruarua mōkihi raraunga ngā rauemi PTM me te whānui o roto o te pana. Hei tauira, ki te whakaatahia te waka o ngā tauranga 10G maha ki tētahi tauranga aroturuki 10G, ina neke atu te katoa o ngā waka o ngā tauranga pūtake i te 10G, ehara i te mea ka pāngia te tauranga aroturuki e te ngaronga mōkihi nā te korenga o te whānui, engari ka piki ake pea te whakamahinga PTM o te pana, ka pā ki te pai o te tukunga mōkihi raraunga o ētahi atu tauranga, ā, ka heke iho te mahi whānui o te pana.

3. Te Whakawhirinakitanga Mahi ki te Tauira Whakawhiti me te Hototahi Iti

He rerekē rawa te taumata tautoko mō te mahi SPAN i waenga i ngā pana o ngā kaihanga me ngā tauira rerekē. Hei tauira, ko ngā pana iti-mutunga ka tautoko noa i te tauranga aroturuki kotahi, ā, kāore e tautoko i te whakaata VLAN, i te whakaata waka takirua-katoa rānei; he here "whakaata kotahi-ara" tō te mahi SPAN o ētahi pana (arā, ko te whakaata anake i te waka e haere mai ana, e haere atu ana rānei, ā, kāore e taea te whakaata i te waka e rua-ara i te wā kotahi); hei tāpiri, me whakawhirinaki te SPAN whakawhiti-pana (pēnei i te whakaata i te waka tauranga o te pana A ki te tauranga aroturuki o te pana B) ki ngā kawa motuhake (pēnei i te RSPAN a Cisco me te ERSPAN a Huawei), he uaua te whirihoranga me te hototahi iti, ā, he uaua ki te urutau ki te taiao whatunga whakauru o ngā kaihanga maha.

Te Whakataurite i ngā Rerekētanga Matua me ngā Whakaaro Kōwhiringa i waenga i te TAP me te SPAN

Whakataurite Rerekētanga Matua

Hei whakaatu mārama ake i ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā mea e rua, ka whakaritea e mātou mai i ngā āhuatanga hangarau, te pānga o te mahi, te utu, me ngā horopaki e tika ana:

Ngā Whakaaro Kōwhiri: "Te Whakataurite Tika" I Runga I Ngā Whakaritenga o te Horopaki

1. Ngā horopaki e pai ake ai te TAP

○Te aroturuki i ngā hononga pakihi matua (pēnei i ngā pana matua o te pokapū raraunga me ngā hononga pouara putanga), me te whakarite kia mau tonu te hopu raraunga;

○Te wāhi o te pūtake o te hapa whatunga (pēnei i te tuku anō a te TCP me te whakaroa o te tono), e hiahia ana kia tātarihia tika i runga i ngā mōkihi raraunga katoa;

○Ngā ahumahi he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te haumarutanga me te tutuki i ngā ture (pūtea, take kāwanatanga, pūngao), e hiahia ana kia tutuki te pono me te kore e whakapōrearea i ngā raraunga arotake;

○Ngā taiao whatunga tere-teitei (10G me runga ake) me ngā horopaki me ngā mōkihi raraunga rahi, e hiahia ana kia karohia te ngaronga mōkihi i roto i te SPAN.

2. Ngā horopaki e pai ake ai te SPAN

○Ngā whatunga iti, waenga hoki me ngā tahua iti, ngā horopaki rānei e hiahia ana ki ngā tatauranga waka māmā noa iho (pēnei i te nohonga whānui me ngā tono Top);

○Te rapurongoā rangitahi, te whakamātautau tono poto rānei (pēnei i te whakamātautau whakarewatanga pūnaha hou), e hiahia ana kia tere te whakatinanatanga me te kore e whakamahi rauemi mō te wā roa;

○Te aroturukitanga pokapū o ngā tauranga maha-pūtake/maha-VLAN (pēnei i te aroturukitanga whanonga a ngā kaiwhakamahi whatunga o te kāmpus), e hiahia ana kia ngāwari te whakakotahitanga o ngā waka;

○Te aroturuki i ngā hononga kore-matua (pērā i ngā tauranga kaiwhakamahi o ngā pana paparanga-uru), me te iti o ngā whakaritenga mō te pono o te hopu raraunga.

3. Ngā horopaki whakamahinga ranu

I roto i ētahi taiao whatunga uaua, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga whakatinanatanga ranu o "TAP + SPAN". Hei tauira, whakatinanahia te TAP ki ngā hononga matua o te pokapū raraunga hei whakarite i te hopu raraunga katoa mō te rapurongoā me te arotake haumarutanga; whirihorahia te SPAN ki ngā pana paparanga-uru, paparanga-whakakotahi rānei hei whakakotahi i ngā waka kaiwhakamahi marara mō te tātari whanonga me ngā tatauranga whānui. Ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa i tēnei ngā hiahia aroturuki tika o ngā hononga matua engari ka whakaitihia hoki te utu whakatinanatanga whānui.

Nō reira, hei hangarau matua e rua mō te kohikohi raraunga whatunga, kāore he "painga, he ngoikoretanga rānei" o TAP me SPAN engari he "rerekētanga i roto i te urutau horopaki" anake. Ko te arotahi o TAP ki te "hopu kore-ngaro" me te "pono ​​pumau", ā, he pai mō ngā horopaki matua me ngā whakaritenga teitei mō te pono o ngā raraunga me te pumau o te whatunga, engari he nui te utu me te iti o te ngāwari whakatinanatanga; he painga o SPAN ko te "kore utu" me te "ngāwari me te watea", ā, he pai mō ngā horopaki iti te utu, rangitahi, kore-matua rānei, engari he mōrearea o te ngaronga raraunga me te pānga ki te mahi.

I roto i te whakahaere me te tiaki whatunga tūturu, me whiriwhiri e ngā kaihangarau whatunga te otinga hangarau tino tika i runga i ā rātou ake hiahia pakihi (pēnei i te mea he hononga matua, me te mea e hiahiatia ana he tātaritanga tika), ngā utu tahua, te tauine whatunga, me ngā whakaritenga tutuki. I taua wā anō, me te whakapai ake i ngā tere whatunga (pēnei i te 25G, 100G, me te 400G) me te whakapai ake i ngā whakaritenga haumarutanga whatunga, kei te whanake tonu te hangarau TAP (pēnei i te tautoko i te wehewehe waka atamai me te whakakotahitanga maha-tauranga), ā, kei te arotau tonu hoki ngā kaihanga pana i te mahi SPAN (pēnei i te whakapai ake i te kaha keteroki me te tautoko i te whakaata kore-ngaro). I te heke mai, ka whai wāhi atu ngā hangarau e rua ki ā rātou mahi i roto i ā rātou ake mara, ā, ka whakarato i te tautoko raraunga whai hua me te tika mō te whakahaere whatunga.