Tatūnga Hononga TCP
Ina tirotiro tātou i te tukutuku, ina tuku īmēra, ina tākaro kēmu ipurangi rānei, he maha ngā wā kāore tātou e whakaaro ki te hononga whatunga uaua kei muri. Heoi, ko ēnei mahi iti nei te āhua e whakarite ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pumau i waenganui i a tātou me te tūmau. Ko tētahi o ngā mahi tino nui ko te tatūnga hononga TCP, ā, ko te uho o tēnei ko te rūrū ringa-toru.
Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te kaupapa, te tukanga me te hiranga o te rūrū-ā-ringa e toru ngā ara. I ia taahiraa, ka whakamāramahia e mātou he aha i hiahiatia ai te rūrū-ā-ringa e toru ngā ara, me pēhea e whakarite ai i te pumau me te pono o te hononga, me te hiranga hoki mō te whakawhiti raraunga. Mā te mārama hohonu ake ki te rūrū-ā-ringa e toru ngā ara, ka mārama ake tātou ki ngā tikanga matua o te whakawhitiwhiti whatunga me te tirohanga mārama ake ki te pono o ngā hononga TCP.
Te Tukanga Ringaringa Toru-Ara TCP me ngā Whakawhiti Āhua
He kawa kawe hononga-arotahi te TCP, e hiahiatia ana te whakatū hononga i mua i te tuku raraunga. Ka mahia tēnei tukanga whakatū hononga mā te rūrū ringa-toru.
Kia tirohia ake ngā mōkihi TCP e tukuna ana i ia hononga.
I te tīmatanga, kua KATIA te kiritaki me te tūmau. Tuatahi, ka whakarongo puku te tūmau i runga i tētahi tauranga, ā, kei roto i te āhua WHAKARONGO, ko te tikanga me tīmata te tūmau. Muri iho, kua rite te kiritaki ki te tīmata ki te uru atu ki te whārangi tukutuku. Me whakatū he hononga ki te tūmau. Ko te whakatakotoranga o te mōkihi hononga tuatahi koia tēnei:
Ina tīmata te kiritaki i tētahi hononga, ka whakaputahia he tau raupapatanga matapōkere (client_isn) ka whakanohohia ki te āpure "Tau raupapatanga" o te pane TCP. I taua wā anō, ka whakatakoto te kiritaki i te tūranga haki SYN ki te 1 hei tohu ko te kete e puta atu ana he kete SYN. Ka tohu te kiritaki e hiahia ana ia ki te whakatū hononga ki te tūmau mā te tuku i te kete SYN tuatahi ki te tūmau. Kāore tēnei kete i roto i ngā raraunga paparanga tono (arā, ngā raraunga kua tukuna). I tēnei wā, ka tohua te tūnga o te kiritaki hei SYN-SENT.
Ina whiwhi te tūmau i tētahi mōkihi SYN mai i tētahi kiritaki, ka tīmata matapōkeretia tana ake tau rangatū (server_isn) kātahi ka whakanoho i taua tau ki te āpure "Tau rangatū" o te pane TCP. Muri iho, ka tāuruhia e te tūmau te client_isn + 1 ki te āpure "Tau whakaae" ā, ka whakatakoto i ngā moka SYN me ACK ki te 1. Hei whakamutunga, ka tukuna e te tūmau te mōkihi ki te kiritaki, kāore he raraunga paparanga-tono kei roto (ā, kāore hoki he raraunga mā te tūmau hei tuku). I tēnei wā, kei roto te tūmau i te āhua SYN-RCVD.
Kia whiwhi te kiritaki i te mōkihi mai i te tūmau, me mahi e ia ngā whakapainga e whai ake nei hei whakautu ki te mōkihi whakautu whakamutunga: Tuatahi, ka whakatakoto te kiritaki i te moka ACK o te pane TCP o te mōkihi whakautu ki te 1; Tuarua, ka tāuru te kiritaki i te uara server_isn + 1 ki te āpure "Whakaū i te tau whakautu"; Hei whakamutunga, ka tukuna e te kiritaki te mōkihi ki te tūmau. Ka taea e tēnei mōkihi te kawe raraunga mai i te kiritaki ki te tūmau. Kia oti ēnei mahi, ka uru te kiritaki ki te āhua ESTABLISHED.
Kia whiwhi te tūmau i te mōkihi whakautu mai i te kiritaki, ka huri hoki ki te āhua ESTABLISHED.
E kitea ana i te tukanga o runga ake nei, i te wā e whakahaerehia ana he rūrū ringa-toru, ka whakaaetia te kawe raraunga i te rūrū ringa tuatoru, engari kāore e whakaaetia ngā rūrū ringa tuatahi e rua. He pātai tēnei e pātaihia pinepinetia ana i roto i ngā uiuinga. Kia oti te rūrū ringa-toru, ka uru ngā taha e rua ki te āhua WHAKATŪTURU, e tohu ana kua angitu te whakatūnga o te hononga, ā, i taua wā ka taea e te kiritaki me te tūmau te tīmata ki te tuku raraunga ki a rātou anō.
He aha i toru ai ngā rūrū ringa? Kaua e rua, engari e whā?
Ko te whakautu noa, "Nā te mea ko te rūrū ringa-toru te mea e whakamana ana i te kaha ki te whiwhi me te tuku." He tika tēnei whakautu, engari he take mata noa iho, kāore e whakaatu i te take matua. I roto i ngā kōrero e whai ake nei, ka tātarihia e au ngā take mō te rūrū ringa-toru mai i ngā āhuatanga e toru hei whakahōhonu ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki tēnei take.
Ka taea e te rūrū ringa-toru te karo i te tīmatanga o ngā hononga kua tāruatia i mua (te take matua)
Mā te rūrū ringa e toru ngā taha ka oati kua whiwhi ngā taha e rua i te tau raupapatanga pono.
Mā te rūrū ringa-toru ka karohia te moumou rauemi.
Take 1: Ārai i ngā Hononga Tārua Hītori
I roto i te poto, ko te take matua mō te rūrū-ā-ringa e toru-ara he ārai i te whakapoauau i puta mai i te tīmatanga hononga tārua tawhito. I roto i te taiao whatunga uaua, kāore te tukunga o ngā mōkihi raraunga e tukuna tonutia ana ki te kaihautū ūnga i runga i te wā kua tohua, ā, ka tae pea ngā mōkihi raraunga tawhito ki te kaihautū ūnga i te tuatahi nā te mea he pupū te whatunga me ētahi atu take. Hei karo i tēnei, ka whakamahia e te TCP te rūrū-ā-ringa e toru-ara hei whakatū i te hononga.
Ina tukuna e te kiritaki ngā mōkihi whakatū hononga SYN maha i te raupapa, i roto i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pupūnga o te whatunga, ka puta pea ēnei e whai ake nei:
1- Ka tae atu ngā mōkihi SYN tawhito ki te tūmau i mua i ngā mōkihi SYN hou.
2- Ka whakautu te tūmau i tētahi mōkihi SYN + ACK ki te kiritaki i muri i te whiwhinga o te mōkihi SYN tawhito.
3- Ina whiwhi te kiritaki i te mōkihi SYN + ACK, ka whakatauhia e ia he hononga hītori te hononga (kua pau te tau raupapa, kua mutu rānei) e ai ki tōna ake horopaki, kātahi ka tukuna te mōkihi RST ki te tūmau hei whakamutu i te hononga.
Ki te hononga rūrū-rua, kāore he huarahi hei whakatau mēnā he hononga hītori te hononga o nāianei. Mā te rūrū-toru-ara ka taea e te kiritaki te whakatau mēnā he hononga hītori te hononga o nāianei i runga i te horopaki ina rite ki te tuku i te kete tuatoru:
1- Mena he hononga hītori (kua pau te tau raupapa, kua mutu rānei te wā), ko te mōkihi i tukuna e te tuatoru o ngā ringaringa he mōkihi RST hei whakakore i te hononga hītori.
2- Ki te kore he hononga hītori, ko te mōkihi i tukuna mō te tuatoru o ngā wā he mōkihi ACK, ā, ka whakatū angitu ngā rōpū e rua i te hononga.
Nō reira, ko te take matua e whakamahia ai e TCP te rūrū ringa-toru he mea e tīmata ai te hononga hei ārai i ngā hononga tawhito.
Take 2: Hei tukutahi i ngā tau raupapa tuatahi o ngā rōpū e rua
Me pupuri tonu e ngā taha e rua o te kawa TCP he tau raupapa, he mea nui tēnei hei whakarite i te tuku pono. He mea nui te mahi a ngā tau raupapa i roto i ngā hononga TCP. Ko tā rātou mahi ko ēnei:
Ka taea e te kaiwhiwhi te whakakore i ngā raraunga tāruarua me te whakarite i te tika o ngā raraunga.
Ka taea e te kaiwhiwhi te whiwhi i ngā mōkihi i te raupapa o te tau raupapa hei whakarite i te pono o ngā raraunga.
● Ka taea e te tau raupapa te tautuhi i te mōkihi raraunga kua riro mai i te taha kē, ka taea ai te tuku raraunga pono.
Nō reira, i te whakatūnga o tētahi hononga TCP, ka tukuna e te kiritaki ngā mōkihi SYN me te tau raupapa tuatahi, ā, me whakautu te tūmau me te mōkihi ACK e tohu ana kua angitu te whiwhinga o te mōkihi SYN a te kiritaki. Kātahi ka tukuna e te tūmau te mōkihi SYN me te tau raupapa tuatahi ki te kiritaki, ā, ka tatari kia whakautu mai te kiritaki, kia kotahi tonu, kia tino tika ai te tukutahitanga o ngā tau raupapa tuatahi.
Ahakoa ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te rūrū ringa-whā hei tukutahi pono i ngā tau raupapa tuatahi o ngā taha e rua, ka taea te whakakotahi i te tuarua me te tuatoru o ngā taahiraa hei taahiraa kotahi, ka hua ake he rūrū ringa-toru. Heoi, ko ngā rūrū ringa e rua ka taea anake te kī taurangi ka whiwhi angitu te taha kē i te tau raupapa tuatahi o tētahi taha, engari kāore he taurangi ka taea te whakaū i te tau raupapa tuatahi o ngā taha e rua. Nō reira, ko te rūrū ringa-toru te kōwhiringa pai hei mahi hei whakarite i te pumau me te pono o ngā hononga TCP.
Take 3: Kaua e moumou rauemi
Mena he "rūrū ringa-rua" anake, ina āraia te tono SYN a te kiritaki i roto i te whatunga, kāore e taea e te kiritaki te whiwhi i te mōkihi ACK i tukuna e te tūmau, nō reira ka tukuna anō te SYN. Heoi, nā te mea kāore he rūrū ringa tuatoru, kāore e taea e te tūmau te whakatau mena kua whiwhi te kiritaki i te whakaaetanga ACK hei whakatū i te hononga. Nō reira, ka taea anake e te tūmau te whakatū hononga i muri i te whiwhinga o ia tono SYN. Ka hua ake tēnei i ngā mea e whai ake nei:
Te moumou rauemi: Mena ka āraia te tono SYN a te kiritaki, ka puta he tukunga auau o ngā mōkihi SYN maha, ka whakatū te tūmau i ngā hononga maha koretake i muri i te whiwhinga o te tono. Ka hua ake tēnei i te moumou rauemi tūmau.
Te pupuri karere: Nā te korenga o te rūrū ringa tuatoru, kāore he huarahi a te tūmau ki te mōhio mēnā i tika te whiwhinga a te kiritaki i te whakaaetanga ACK hei whakatū hononga. Nō reira, ki te mau ngā karere ki te whatunga, ka tukuna tonutia e te kiritaki ngā tono SYN, ka whakatū tonu te tūmau i ngā hononga hou. Ka piki ake te noho pukumahi o te whatunga me te whakaroa, ā, ka pā kino ki te mahi whānui o te whatunga.
Nō reira, hei whakarite i te pumau me te pono o te hononga whatunga, ka whakamahia e te TCP te rūrū ringa-toru hei whakatū hononga hei karo i te putanga mai o ēnei raruraru.
Whakarāpopototanga
TeKaihokohoko Mōkihi WhatungaKa mahia te whakatūnga hononga TCP mā te rūrū ringa-toru. I te wā o te rūrū ringa-toru, ka tukuna tuatahitia e te kiritaki he mōkihi me te haki SYN ki te tūmau, hei tohu e hiahia ana ia ki te whakatū hononga. Whai muri i te whiwhinga o te tono mai i te kiritaki, ka whakautu te tūmau i tētahi mōkihi me ngā haki SYN me ACK ki te kiritaki, hei tohu kua whakaaetia te tono hononga, ā, ka tukuna tana ake tau raupapa tuatahi. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakautu te kiritaki me te haki ACK ki te tūmau hei tohu kua whakatūhia angitu te hononga. Nō reira, kei roto ngā rōpū e rua i te āhua ESTABLISHED, ā, ka taea te tīmata te tuku raraunga ki a rātou anō.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te tukanga rūrū ringa-toru mō te whakatū hononga TCP he mea hanga hei whakarite i te pumau me te pono o te hononga, hei karo i te whakapoauau me te moumou rauemi i runga i ngā hononga tawhito, me te whakarite kia taea e ngā taha e rua te whiwhi me te tuku raraunga.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-08-2025
