I roto i te hoahoa whatunga hou, kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te taurite o te Papa 2 hei whakarite i te haere tonu o te pakihi, te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi, me te karo i ngā awha pāpāho i puta mai i ngā takahuri whatunga. Ina tae ki te whakatinana i te taurite o te Papa 2, e toru ngā hangarau e whakahaere ana i te whenua: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (MLAG), me Switch Stacking. Engari me pēhea e whiriwhiri ai koe i te mea tika mō tō whatunga? Ka wehewehea e tēnei aratohu ia hangarau, ka whakataurite i ō rātou painga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga, ā, ka whakarato i ngā māramatanga mahi hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau whai whakaaro—he mea whakarite mō ngā miihini whatunga, ngā kaiwhakahaere IT, me te hunga katoa e whai kawenga ana ki te hanga i tētahi hanganga Papa 2 pono, ka taea te whakawhanui.
Te Mārama ki ngā Kaupapa Taketake: He aha te Taurite o te Papa 2?
Ko te taurite o te Papa 2 e pā ana ki te mahi hoahoa i ngā āhua whatunga me ngā hononga tārua, ngā pana, ngā ara rānei kia tino whakarite mēnā ka rahua tētahi wāhanga, ka huri aunoa te waka ki tētahi tārua. Mā tēnei ka whakakorea ngā pūwāhi rahua kotahi (SPOF) ā, ka noho tonu ngā tono nui ki te rere—ahakoa kei te whakahaere koe i tētahi whatunga tari iti, i tētahi puni hinonga nui, i tētahi pokapū raraunga mahi-teitei rānei. Ko ngā otinga matua e toru—STP, MLAG, me te Stacking—he rerekē te huarahi o ia taurite, me ngā taupatupatu ahurei i roto i te pono, te whakamahinga whānui, te uaua o te whakahaere, me te utu.
1. Kawa Rākau Whānui (STP): Te Hoiho Mahi Tauwhiro Tuku Iho
Me pēhea te mahi a te STP?
I hangaia i te tau 1985 e Radia Perlman, ko te STP (IEEE 802.1D) te hangarau tawhito rawa atu, ā, ko te hangarau tautoko whānuitia mō te Papa 2. Ko tōna kaupapa matua he ārai i ngā koropiko whatunga mā te tautuhi hihiri me te aukati i ngā hononga tāruarua, ka waihanga i tētahi āhua "rākau" arorau kotahi. Ka whakamahia e te STP ngā Wāhanga Raraunga Kawa Piriti (BPDU) hei whiriwhiri i tētahi piriti pūtake (te pana me te ID Piriti iti rawa), tatau i te ara poto rawa ki te pūtake, me te aukati i ngā hononga kore-tino nui hei whakakore i ngā koropiko.
I roto i ngā wā, kua whanake te STP ki te aro atu ki ōna herenga taketake: Ka whakaitihia e te RSTP (Rapid STP, IEEE 802.1w) te wā huihuinga mai i te 30-50 hēkona ki te 1-6 hēkona mā te whakangawari i ngā āhua tauranga me te whakauru i ngā ringaringa Proposal/Agreement (P/A). Ka tāpirihia e te MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol, IEEE 802.1s) te tautoko mō ngā VLAN maha, ka taea ai e ngā rōpū VLAN rerekē te whakamahi i ngā ara whakamua rerekē me te whakahohe i te taurite kawenga taumata-VLAN—te whakaoti i te hapa "kotahi te ara e tohaina ana e ngā VLAN katoa" o te STP tawhito.
Ngā Painga o te STP
- Hototahi whānuitia: Tautokona ana e ngā pana TAP hou katoa, ahakoa te kaihoko (Mylinking).
- Utu iti: Kāore he taputapu tāpiri, he raihana rānei e hiahiatia ana—ka whakahohea taunoatia i te nuinga o ngā pana.
- He māmā te whakatinana: He iti noa te whirihoranga taketake, he mea tino pai mō ngā whatunga iti ki te rahi waenga (SME) he iti noa ngā rauemi hangarau mōhiohio.
- Te pono kua whakamātauhia: He hangarau pakari kua roa e whakamahia ana i te ao tūturu, e mahi ana hei "kupenga haumaru" mō te aukati i te huringa.
Ngā huakore o te STP
- Te moumou whānui o te hononga: Ka āraia ngā hononga tāpiri (neke atu i te 50% i roto i ngā horopaki hononga-rua), nō reira kāore koe e whakamahi ana i te whānui katoa e wātea ana.
- Te pūtahitanga puhoi (STP matarohia): Ka roa pea te STP tuku iho i te 30-50 hēkona hei whakaora i te rahunga hononga—he mea nui mō ngā tono pēnei i ngā tauwhitinga pūtea, i te hui ataata rānei.
- Te taurite kawenga iti: Kotahi anake te ara hohe e tautokona ana e te STP Matarohia; ka whakapai ake te MSTP i tēnei engari ka tāpirihia te uauatanga o te whirihoranga.
- Te whānui o te whatunga: E 7 ngā hops e herea ana ki te STP, ka taea e tēnei te whakawhāiti i ngā hoahoa whatunga nui.
Ngā Whakamahinga Pai rawa atu mō te STP
He pai rawa te STP (RSTP/MSTP rānei) mō:
- Ngā pakihi iti ki te rahi waenga (SME) me ngā hiahia taketake mō te kore mahi anō, me te iti o te tahua hangarau mōhiohio.
- Ngā whatunga tawhito kāore e taea te whakahou ki te MLAG, ki te Stacking rānei.
- Hei "rārangi parepare whakamutunga" hei ārai i ngā takahuri i roto i ngā whatunga kua whakamahi kē i te MLAG, i te Stacking rānei.
- Ngā whatunga me ngā taputapu kaihoko-whakauru, he mea nui te hototahitanga.
2. Te Whakatakoto Whakawhiti: Te Whakahaere Māmā me te Marikotanga Arorau
Me pēhea te mahi a te whakarārangi pana?
Mā te Switch Stacking (hei tauira, Mylinking TAP Switch) e hono ngā pana ōrite e 2-8 (neke atu rānei) mā te whakamahi i ngā tauranga me ngā taura tāpae motuhake, ka hangaia he pana arorau kotahi. Ka tohaina e tēnei pana mariko he IP whakahaere kotahi, he kōnae whirihoranga, he papa whakahaere, he ripanga wāhitau MAC, me te tauira STP. Ka whiriwhiria he pana matua (i runga i te kaupapa matua me te wāhitau MAC) hei whakahaere i te papa, me ngā pana tārua kua rite ki te tango mēnā ka rahua te matua. Ka tukuna ngā waka puta noa i te papa mā te papa whakamuri tere-teitei, ā, ka mahi ngā Rōpū Whakakotahi Hononga (LAG) whakawhiti-mema i roto i te aratau hohe-hohe me te kore e aukati i te STP.
Ngā Painga o te Whakatakotoranga Whakawhiti
- Whakahaere māmā: Whakahaerehia ngā pana tinana maha hei taputapu arorau kotahi—kotahi te IP, kotahi te whirihoranga, me te kotahi te pūwāhi aroturuki.
- Te whakamahinga whānui o te whānui: Kei te hohe ngā hononga tāruarua (kāore he aukati), ā, ka whakaratohia e ngā papa whakamuri puranga te whānui kua whakahiatohia.
- Te tere o te hinganga: E 1-3 mirihekona te roa o te hinganga o te pana tārua matua, kia tata kore ai te wā whakaweto.
- Tauine: Tāpirihia he pana ki te puranga "utu-i-a-koe-te-tipu" me te kore e whirihora anō i te whatunga katoa—he pai mō te whakawhānui i ngā paparanga urunga.
- Te whakaurunga LACP maeneene: Ka taea e ngā tūmau me ngā NIC takirua te hono atu ki te puranga mā te LACP, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he STP.
Ngā Huakore o te Whakatakoto Whakawhiti
- Te mōrearea o te papa whakahaere kotahi: Mēnā ka rahua te pana matua (ka whati rānei ngā taura whakarārangi katoa), ka tīmata anō pea te whakarārangi katoa, ka wehe rānei—ka puta he motu katoa o te whatunga.
- Te herenga tawhiti: Ko te roa o ngā taura whakarārangi he 1-3 mita te nuinga (tae atu ki te 10 mita te mōrahi), ā, kāore e taea te whakarārangi i ngā pana ki runga i ngā kāpata, i ngā papa rānei.
- Maukati taputapu: Me rite te tauira, te kaihoko, me te putanga pūmanawa o ngā pana—he mōrearea, he kore tautokona rānei te whakarārangi whakauru.
- Ngā whakahoutanga mamae: Ko te nuinga o ngā puranga me tīmata anō mō ngā whakahoutanga pūmanawa (ahakoa te ISSU, he nui ake te mōrearea o te wā whakatā).
- Te iti o te tauine: Ka herea te rahi o ngā puranga (ko te nuinga he 8-10 ngā pana), ā, ka heke te mahi ki tua atu i taua rohe.
Ngā Whakamahinga Pai rawa atu mō te Whakatakotoranga Pana
He tino pai te Switch Stacking mō:
- Ngā paparanga urunga ki ngā puni hinonga, ki ngā pokapū raraunga rānei, ko te kiato o ngā tauranga me te whakahaere māmā ake ngā kaupapa matua.
- Ngā whatunga me ngā pana i roto i te whatanga kotahi, i te kāpata rānei (kāore he herenga tawhiti).
- Ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi rahi-waenga e hiahia ana ki te maha o ngā mahi tāpiri, engari kāore e uaua ki te whakamahi i te MLAG.
- Ngā taiao e iti ana ngā tīma hangarau mōhiohio, ā, me whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere.
3. MLAG (Rōpū Whakakotahi Hononga Maha-Chassis): Te Pono Teitei mō ngā Whatunga Tino Hira
Me pēhea te mahi a te MLAG?
Mā te MLAG (e mōhiotia ana ko vPC mō Cisco Nexus, MC-LAG mō Juniper) ka taea e ngā pana motuhake e rua te mahi hei pana arorau kotahi mō ngā taputapu o raro (ngā tūmau, ngā pana urunga). Ka hono ngā taputapu o raro mā te LACP Port-Channel kotahi, e whakamahi ana i ngā hononga e rua i te aratau hohe-hohe—ka whakakore i te aukati STP. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te MLAG ko:
- Hononga-Hoa: He hononga tere-teitei (40/100G) i waenga i ngā pana MLAG e rua hei tukutahi i ngā ripanga MAC, ngā tāurunga ARP, ngā āhua STP, me te whirihoranga.
- Hononga Keepalive: He hononga motuhake hei aroturuki i te hauora o ngā hoa, hei ārai hoki i ngā āhuatanga roro-wehewehe.
- Tukutahitanga o te ID Pūnaha: He rite tonu te LACP System ID me te wāhitau MAC mariko o ngā pana e rua, nō reira ka kite ngā pūrere o muri mai i a rāua hei pana kotahi.
He rerekē te MLAG i te whakarārangi, e rua ngā papa whakahaere e whakamahia ana—he CPU, he mahara, me te pūnaha whakahaere anō tō ia pana—nō reira, mēnā ka rahua te kotahi pana, kāore e hinga te pūnaha katoa.
Ngā Painga o MLAG
- Te pono nui: Mā ngā papa whakahaere takirua ka taea te rahua o tētahi pana me te kore e whakararuraru i te whatunga katoa—he mirihekona te rahua.
- Ngā whakapainga motuhake: Whakahōuhia tētahi pana i ia wā (me te ISSU/Graceful Restart) i te mea ka whakahaerea e tētahi atu te rere o ngā waka—kāore he wā whakatā.
- Ngāwari te tawhiti: Ka whakamahia e Peer-Link te muka paerewa, e āhei ai te whakanoho i ngā pana MLAG puta noa i ngā kāpata, ngā papa, tae atu ki ngā pokapū raraunga (tae atu ki ngā tekau kiromita).
- He utu whai hua: Kāore he taputapu whakarārangi motuhake—e whakamahi ana i ngā tauranga pana o nāianei mō Peer-Link me Keepalive.
- He pai mō ngā hoahoa rau-tuarā: He tino pai mō ngā pokapū raraunga e whakamahi ana i ngā hoahoa rau-tuarā, te wāhi e hono rua ai ngā pana rau ki ngā pana tuarā whakahohea e MLAG.
Ngā Huakore o te MLAG
- He uaua ake te whirihoranga: Me tino ōrite te whirihoranga i waenga i ngā pana e rua—ka taea e ngā taunga te kati mēnā he kore e ōrite.
- Whakahaere takirua: Ahakoa ka taea e te IP mariko te whakahaere ngāwari i te urunga, me aroturuki tonu e koe me te pupuri i ngā pana e rua motuhake.
- Te whakaritenga whānui o te Hononga-Hoa: Me whakarite te rahi o te Hononga-Hoa kia taea ai te whakahaere i te whānui katoa o te hononga-muri (e taunakitia ana kia ōrite, kia nui ake rānei) kia kore ai e arai.
- Te whakatinanatanga motuhake ki te kaihoko: Ka pai ake te mahi a te MLAG me ngā pana kaihoko-kotahi (hei tauira, Cisco vPC, Huawei M-LAG)—he iti noa te tautoko whakawhiti-kaihoko.
Ngā Whakamahinga Pai rawa atu mō te MLAG
Ko MLAG te whiringa pai rawa atu mō:
- Ngā pokapū raraunga (hinonga, kapua rānei) e tino hira ana te kore wā whakatā, ā, he tino pono hoki.
- Ngā whatunga me ngā pana puta noa i ngā whatanga maha, ngā papa, ngā wāhi rānei (ngāwari o te tawhiti).
- Ngā hoahoa rau tuaiwi me ngā whatunga hinonga nui.
- Ngā whakahaere e whakahaere ana i ngā tono tino hira (hei tauira, ngā ratonga pūtea, te hauora) kāore e taea te aro ki ngā motuhanga hiko.
STP vs MLAG vs Stacking: Whakatauritenga Upoko-ki-Upoko
| Ngā Paearu | STP (RSTP/MSTP) | Te Whakatakoto Whakawhiti | MLAG |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papa Whakahaere | Kua tohaina (mō ia pana) | Takitahi (e tohaina ana puta noa i te puranga) | Takirua (motuhake mō ia pana) |
| Te Whakamahinga o te Whānuitanga | Iti (kua āraia ngā hononga tāpiri) | Teitei (ngā hononga hohe-hohe) | Teitei (ngā hononga hohe-hohe) |
| Wā Huinga | 1-6 hēkona (RSTP); 30-50 hēkona (STP matarohia) | 1-3ms (rahunga matua) | Mirihēkona (raunga hoa) |
| Te Uauatanga o te Whakahaere | Iti | Iti (pūrere arorau kotahi) | Teitei (tukutahi whirihoranga tino pakari) |
| Te Herenga Tawhiti | Kāore (ngā hononga paerewa) | Tino iti (1-10m) | Ngāwari (tekau kiromita) |
| Ngā Whakaritenga Pūmārō | Kāore (kua whakauruhia) | Tauira/kaihoko kotahi + taura whakarārangi | Tauira/kaihoko ōrite (e taunakitia ana) |
| Pai rawa atu mō | Ngā SMB, ngā whatunga tawhito, te ārai i te porowhita | Ngā paparanga urunga, ngā pana whatanga-kotahi, te whakahaere māmā ake | Ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā whatunga matua, ngā hoahoa rau-tuara |
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri: He aratohu whakatau taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa?
Hei whiriwhiri i te otinga tāruarua Papa 2 tika, whai i ēnei mahi:
1. Arotakehia ō hiahia pono: Mena he mea nui te kore wā whakatā (hei tauira, ngā pokapū raraunga), ko te MLAG te whiringa pai. Mō te tauutuutu taketake (hei tauira, ngā SMB), ka taea te whakamahi i te STP, i te Stacking rānei.
2. Whakaarohia te whakatakotoranga o ngā pana: Mena kei roto i te whata/kāpata kotahi ngā pana, he pai ake te whakarārangi. Mena kei ngā wāhi rerekē, he pai ake te MLAG, te STP rānei.
3. Arotakehia ngā rauemi whakahaere: Me whakarite e ngā rōpū hangarau mōhiohio iti te Stacking (whakahaere māmā) te STP rānei (te tiaki iti). Ka taea e ngā rōpū nui ake te whakahaere i te uauatanga o te MLAG.
4. Tirohia ngā herenga tahua: He kore utu te STP (kua hangaia ki roto). Me whai taura motuhake te whakarārangi. Ka whakamahia e te MLAG ngā tauranga o nāianei engari me whai hononga tere ake pea (40/100G) mō te Peer-Link.
5. Whakamaherehia kia taea te whakawhanui: Mō ngā whatunga nui (10+ pana), he nui ake te whakawhanui o te MLAG i te Stacking. Ka mahi te STP mō ngā tauine iti ki te waenga engari ka moumou te whānui o te whatunga.
Ngā Taunakitanga Whakamutunga
- Kōwhiria te STP (RSTP/MSTP) mēnā he iti tō tahua, he taputapu kaihoko-whakauru, he whatunga tawhito rānei—whakamahia hei kupenga haumaru ārai-porowhita.
- Kōwhiria te Switch Stacking mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki te whakahaere māmā ake, ki ngā pana whatanga-rite, me te whānui o te hononga mō ngā paparanga urunga—he mea tino pai mō ngā SMB me ngā taumata urunga hinonga.
- Kōwhiria te MLAG mēnā kāore he wā whakatā, he ngāwari ki te tawhiti, he tauine hoki e hiahiatia ana e koe—he tino pai mō ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā hoahoa rau tuarā, me ngā whatunga tino hira.
Nō reira, kāore he otinga taurite "kotahi te rahi mō te katoa" mō te Papa 2—he pai te STP, MLAG, me te Stacking i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ko te STP te kōwhiringa pono, iti te utu mō ngā hiahia taketake; mā te Stacking ka māmā ake te whakahaere mō ngā pana i te wāhi kotahi; ā, mā te MLAG ka tukuna te pono me te ngāwari teitei mō ngā whatunga nui. Mā te aromatawai i ō whakaritenga pono, te whakatakotoranga pana, ngā rauemi whakahaere, me te tahua, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i te otinga e pupuri ana i tō whatunga kia pakari, kia whai hua, kia ātete hoki ki te heke mai.
Me āwhina koe ki te whakatinana i tō rautaki taupūtanga Papa 2? Whakapā atu ki ā mātou tohunga whatunga kia whiwhi ai i ngā aratohu kua whakaritea mō tō hanganga motuhake.
Te wā tuku: 26-Pepuere-2026
