Nā te panonitanga matihiko, kāore ngā whatunga hinonga e rite ana ki "ngā taura torutoru e hono ana i ngā rorohiko." Nā te horapa haere o ngā taputapu IoT, te hekenga o ngā ratonga ki te kapua, me te pikinga ake o te whakamahi i te mahi mamao, kua pakū te haere o te whatunga, pērā i te haere i runga i te huarahi tere. Heoi, he wero anō hoki tēnei pikinga o te haere: kāore e taea e ngā taputapu haumarutanga te hopu raraunga nui, kua taupokina ngā pūnaha aroturuki e ngā mōhiohio koretake, ā, kāore e kitea ngā tūmomo riri e huna ana i roto i te haere whakamuna. Koinei te wāhi e whai hua ai te "kaimahi huna" e kiia nei ko te Network Packet Broker (NPB). Hei piriti atamai i waenga i te haere whatunga me ngā taputapu aroturuki, ka whakahaere i te rere pōrearea o te haere puta noa i te whatunga katoa me te whāngai tika i ngā taputapu aroturuki i ngā raraunga e hiahiatia ana e rātou, hei āwhina i ngā hinonga ki te whakaoti i ngā wero whatunga "kore e kitea, kāore e taea te uru atu". I tēnei rā, ka whakaratohia e mātou he māramatanga whānui mō tēnei tūranga matua i roto i ngā mahi me te tiaki whatunga.
1. He aha ngā kamupene e rapu ana i ngā NPB i nāianei? — Te "Hiahia Tirohanga" o ngā Whatunga Matatini
Whakaarohia tēnei: Ina kei te whakahaerehia e tō whatunga ngā rau o ngā taputapu IoT, ngā rau o ngā tūmau kapua, me ngā kaimahi e uru atu ana ki reira mai i ngā wāhi katoa, me pēhea e kore ai e uru mai ngā waka kino? Me pēhea e taea ai e koe te whakatau ko ēhea ngā hononga e kikī ana, e whakaroa ana i ngā mahi pakihi?
Kua roa ngā tikanga aroturuki tuku iho kāore i te rawaka: ko ngā taputapu aroturuki ka aro noa ki ngā wāhanga motuhake o te rerenga raraunga, me ngā pona matua ngaro; ka tukuna rānei e rātou ngā rerenga raraunga katoa ki te taputapu i te wā kotahi, ā, kāore e taea e ia te keri i ngā mōhiohio, ka whakaroa hoki i te whai huatanga o te tātari. Hei tāpiri, neke atu i te 70% o ngā rerenga raraunga kua whakamunatia inaianei, kāore e taea e ngā taputapu tuku iho te kite i roto i ōna ihirangi.
Ko te putanga mai o ngā NPB e aro ana ki te mamae o te "kore e kitea te whatunga." Kei waenganui i ngā wāhi whakauru waka me ngā taputapu aroturuki, e kohikohi ana i ngā waka kua marara, e tātari ana i ngā raraunga kore e hiahiatia, ā, i te mutunga ka tohatoha i ngā waka tika ki ngā IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems), ngā SIEM (Security Information Management Platforms), ngā taputapu tātari mahi, me ētahi atu. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia kore ngā taputapu aroturuki e hemo, e kore hoki e tino mātotoru. Ka taea hoki e ngā NPB te wetewete me te whakamuna i ngā waka, te tiaki i ngā raraunga tairongo, me te whakarato i tētahi tirohanga mārama ki ngā umanga mō te āhua o tō rātou whatunga.
Ka taea te kī, i te mea kei te mau tonu ngā hiahia haumarutanga whatunga, arotau mahi, tutuki rānei i ngā whakaritenga a te hinonga, kua noho te NPB hei wāhanga matua e kore e taea te karo.
He aha te NPB? — He Tātaritanga Māmā mai i te Hanganga ki ngā Āheinga Matua
He tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana he arai hangarau nui te kupu "kaihoko mōkihi" ki te whakaurunga. Heoi, ko tētahi kupu whakarite māmā ake ko te whakamahi i tētahi "pokapū whakarōpū tuku tere": ko te waka whatunga ko "ngā mōkihi tere," ko te NPB te "pokapū whakarōpū," ā, ko te taputapu aroturuki ko te "pūwāhi whiwhi." Ko te mahi a te NPB he whakakotahi i ngā mōkihi marara (whakakotahi), te tango i ngā mōkihi kore mana (tātari), me te whakarōpū mā te wāhitau (tohatoha). Ka taea hoki e ia te wetewete me te tirotiro i ngā mōkihi motuhake (wetewete) me te tango i ngā mōhiohio tūmataiti (mirimiri)—he pai, he tika hoki te tukanga katoa.
1. Tuatahi, me titiro tātou ki te "anga" o te NPB: ngā kōwae hoahoa matua e toru
Ko te tukanga mahi NPB e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te mahi tahi a ēnei kōwae e toru; kāore e taea te ngaro tetahi o aua kōwae:
○Wāhanga Urunga WakaHe rite tonu ki te "tauranga tuku tere" ā, e whakamahia ana hei whiwhi i ngā whakawhitiwhiti whatunga mai i te tauranga whakaata whakawhiti (SPAN) me te wehewehe (TAP). Ahakoa he whakawhitiwhiti mai i te hononga ā-tinana, i te whatunga mariko rānei, ka taea te kohikohi i roto i te huarahi kotahi.
○Mīhini TukatukaKoinei te "roro matua o te pokapū whakarōpū" ā, koia te kawenga mō ngā "tukatuka" tino nui - pērā i te whakakotahi i ngā waka maha-hononga (whakakotahi), te tātari i ngā waka mai i tētahi momo IP (tātari), te tārua i ngā waka kotahi me te tuku atu ki ngā taputapu rerekē (tārua), te wetewete i ngā waka kua whakamunahia ki te SSL/TLS (wetewete), me ētahi atu. Ka oti ngā "mahi pai" katoa i konei.
○Kōwae TohatohaHe rite ki tētahi "kaikawe karere" e tohatoha tika ana i ngā waka kua tukatukahia ki ngā taputapu aroturuki e rite ana, ā, ka taea hoki e ia te mahi i te taurite kawenga - hei tauira, ki te pukumahi rawa te taputapu tātari mahi, ka tohatohahia tētahi wāhanga o ngā waka ki te taputapu tārua kia kore ai e taumaha rawa ki tētahi taputapu kotahi.
2. Ngā "Āheinga Matua Mārō" a te NPB: 12 ngā mahi matua e whakaoti ana i te 90% o ngā raruraru whatunga
He maha ngā mahi a te NPB, engari me arotahi tātou ki ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana e ngā umanga. He rite tonu ki tētahi āhuatanga mahi a ia mahi:
○Te Whakahoutanga o te Waka / Te Whakakotahitanga + Te TātariHei tauira, mēnā he 10 ngā hononga whatunga a tētahi umanga, ka whakakotahi tuatahi te NPB i ngā rerenga o ngā hononga 10, kātahi ka tātari i ngā "mōkihi raraunga tāruarua" me ngā "rerenga koretake" (pēnei i ngā rerenga mai i ngā kaimahi e mātaki ana i ngā ataata), ā, ka tukuna noa ngā rerenga e pā ana ki te pakihi ki te taputapu aroturuki - ka whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi mā te 300%.
○Wetewete SSL/TLSI ēnei rā, he maha ngā whakaeke kino e huna ana i roto i ngā raraunga kua whakamunahia ki te HTTPS. Ka taea e te NPB te wetewete haumaru i tēnei raraunga, ka taea ai e ngā taputapu pēnei i te IDS me te IPS te "kite" i roto i ngā ihirangi kua whakamunahia me te hopu i ngā tūmomo riri huna pēnei i ngā hononga hītinihanga me te waehere kino.
○Te Huna Raraunga / Te Whakakore i te PāngaMena kei roto i te waka ngā mōhiohio tairongo pēnei i ngā nama kāri nama me ngā nama haumarutanga pāpori, ka "ūkui" aunoatia e te NPB ēnei mōhiohio i mua i te tukunga atu ki te taputapu aroturuki. Kāore tēnei e pā ki te tātaritanga o te taputapu, engari ka tutuki anō hoki ki ngā whakaritenga PCI-DSS (tutukitanga utu) me te HIPAA (tutukitanga hauora) hei ārai i te turuturu raraunga.
○Taurite Utaina + WhakakorengaMena e toru ngā taputapu SIEM a te hinonga, ka tohatoha ōrite te NPB i ngā waka ki waenganui i a rātou kia kore ai e taumaha rawa tetahi taputapu. Mena ka rahua tetahi taputapu, ka huri tonu te NPB i ngā waka ki te taputapu tārua kia kore ai e mutu te aroturuki. He mea nui rawa tēnei mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i te pūtea me te hauora, ina kore e whakaaetia te wā whakatā.
○Whakamutunga o te KauhangaKo VXLAN, GRE me ētahi atu "Ngā Tikanga Tunnel" e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whatunga kapua. Kāore e taea e ngā taputapu tuku iho te mārama ki ēnei kawa. Ka taea e te NPB te "wetewete" i ēnei kauhanga me te tango i te waka tūturu i roto, ka taea ai e ngā taputapu tawhito te tukatuka i te waka i roto i ngā taiao kapua.
Mā te whakakotahitanga o ēnei āhuatanga ka taea e te NPB te "tirotiro mā roto" i ngā raraunga kua whakamunatia, engari ka "tiaki" hoki i ngā raraunga tairongo me te "urutau" ki ngā taiao whatunga uaua - koinei te take ka taea ai te noho hei wāhanga matua.
III. Kei hea te whakamahinga o te NPB? — E rima ngā āhuatanga matua e aro ana ki ngā hiahia pakihi tūturu
Ehara a NPB i te taputapu kotahi e pai ana mō te katoa; engari, ka urutau ngāwari ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ahakoa he pokapū raraunga, he whatunga 5G, he taiao kapua rānei, ka kitea e ia ngā tono tika. Me titiro tātou ki ētahi tauira noa hei whakaatu i tēnei kōrero:
1. Pokapū Raraunga: Te Kī ki te Aroturuki i te Waka o te Rawhiti ki te Hauāuru
Ko ngā pokapū raraunga tuku iho e aro ana ki te whakawhiti i waenga i te raki me te tonga (te whakawhiti mai i ngā tūmau ki te ao o waho). Heoi, i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga mariko, 80% o te whakawhiti mai i te rawhiti ki te hauauru (te whakawhiti i waenga i ngā mīhini mariko), kāore e taea e ngā taputapu tuku iho te hopu. Koinei te wāhi e whai hua ai ngā NPB:
Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e tētahi kamupene ipurangi nui a VMware hei hanga i tētahi pokapū raraunga mariko. Ka honoa tika te NPB ki a vSphere (te tūāpapa whakahaere a VMware) hei hopu tika i te haere o ngā raraunga mai i te rawhiti ki te hauauru i waenga i ngā mīhini mariko, ā, ka tohatoha atu ki ngā IDS me ngā taputapu mahi. Ehara i te mea ka whakakorea noa iho te "aroturuki i ngā wāhi matapo," engari ka whakanuia ake hoki te pai o te taputapu mā te 40% mā te tātari haere, ka tapahia tika te wā-waenga-ki-te-whakatika (MTTR) o te pokapū raraunga kia haurua.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e te NPB te aroturuki i te kawenga tūmau me te whakarite kia tutuki ngā raraunga utu ki te PCI-DSS, ka noho hei "whakaritenga whakahaere me te tiaki nui" mō ngā pokapū raraunga.
2. Taiao SDN/NFV: Ngā Tūranga Ngāwari e Urutau ana ki te Whatunga Tautuhi-Pūmanawa
He maha ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i te SDN (Software Defined Networking) me te NFV (Network Function Virtualization) ināianei. Kāore ngā whatunga i te rite ki ngā taputapu pumau, engari he ratonga pūmanawa ngāwari. Me ngāwari ake ngā NPB:
Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te whare wānanga te SDN hei whakatinana i te "Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)" kia taea ai e ngā ākonga me ngā kaiako te hono atu ki te whatunga o te kāmpus mā te whakamahi i ā rātou waea me ngā rorohiko. Kua whakauruhia te NPB ki tētahi pūmana SDN (pēnei i a OpenDaylight) hei whakarite i te wehenga o ngā waka i waenga i ngā wāhi whakaako me ngā wāhi tari, me te tohatoha tika i ngā waka mai i ia wāhi ki ngā taputapu aroturuki. Kāore tēnei huarahi e pā ki te whakamahinga a ngā ākonga me ngā kaiako, ā, ka taea te kimi i ngā hononga tauhou i te wā tika, pērā i te urunga mai i ngā wāhitau IP kino i waho o te kāmpus.
He rite tonu tēnei mō ngā taiao NFV. Ka taea e te NPB te aroturuki i te haere o ngā pareārai mariko (vFW) me ngā taurite kawenga mariko (vLB) hei whakarite i te mahi pumau o ēnei "pūmanawa", he mea ngāwari ake i te aroturuki taputapu tuku iho.
3. Whatunga 5G: Te Whakahaere i ngā Waka Tapatapahi me ngā Pūnga Tapa
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te 5G ko te "tere tere, te iti o te whakaroa, me ngā hononga nui", engari he wero hou anō hoki tēnei ki te aroturuki: hei tauira, ka taea e te hangarau "tapahi whatunga" a te 5G te wehewehe i te whatunga tinana kotahi ki ngā whatunga arorau maha (hei tauira, he wāhanga whakaroa iti mō te taraiwa motuhake me te wāhanga hononga nui mō te IoT), ā, me aroturuki motuhake te haere o ngā raraunga i ia wāhanga.
I whakamahia e tētahi kaiwhakahaere te NPB hei whakaoti rapanga: i whakatinanahia e ia te aroturukitanga NPB motuhake mō ia poro 5G, e kore e taea anake te tiro i te whakaroa me te putanga o ia poro i te wā tūturu, engari ka taea hoki te aukati i ngā waka rerekē (pēnei i te urunga kore whakamana i waenga i ngā poro) i te wā tika, kia iti ai te whakaroa o ngā whakaritenga mō ngā pakihi matua pēnei i te taraiwa motuhake.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei te marara haere ngā pona rorohiko taha 5G puta noa i te motu, ā, ka taea hoki e te NPB te whakarato i tētahi "putanga māmā" e whakatinanahia ana ki ngā pona taha hei aroturuki i ngā waka tohatoha me te karo i ngā whakaroa e puta mai ana i te tuku raraunga ki mua, ki muri hoki.
4. Taiao Kapua/Haurongo Hangarau Ranu: Te Wāwāhi i ngā Ārai o te Aroturuki Kapua Tūmatanui me te Aroturuki Kapua Tūmataiti
Ko te nuinga o ngā umanga e whakamahi ana i te hoahoa kapua ranu—ko ētahi o ngā mahi kei runga i te Alibaba Cloud, i te Tencent Cloud rānei (ngā kapua tūmatanui), ko ētahi kei runga i ā rātou ake kapua tūmataiti, ko ētahi kei runga i ngā tūmau ā-rohe. I tēnei horopaki, ka horahia ngā waka puta noa i ngā taiao maha, ā, ka ngāwari te whakakore i te aroturukitanga.
Ka whakamahia e te China Minsheng Bank te NPB hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru: ka whakamahia e tana pakihi a Kubernetes mō te whakatinanatanga ipu. Ka taea e te NPB te hopu tika i ngā waka i waenga i ngā ipu (Pods) me te hono i ngā waka i waenga i ngā tūmau kapua me ngā kapua tūmataiti hei hanga "aroturukitanga pito-ki-te-pito" - ahakoa kei roto te pakihi i te kapua tūmatanui, i te kapua tūmataiti rānei, mena he raruraru mahi, ka taea e te tīma whakahaere me te tiaki te whakamahi i ngā raraunga waka NPB hei kimi tere mēnā he raruraru ki ngā waeatanga i waenga i ngā ipu, ki te pupūtanga hononga kapua rānei, ka whakapai ake i te pai o te tātaritanga mā te 60%.
Mō ngā kapua tūmatanui maha-kainoho, ka taea hoki e te NPB te whakarite kia wehea te waka i waenga i ngā umanga rerekē, te ārai i te turuturu raraunga, me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture o te umanga pūtea.
Hei whakamutunga: Ehara te NPB i te "kōwhiringa" engari he "mea me mahi"
I muri i te arotake i ēnei āhuatanga, ka kitea e koe ehara a NPB i te hangarau motuhake engari he taputapu paerewa mō ngā umanga ki te aro atu ki ngā whatunga uaua. Mai i ngā pokapū raraunga ki te 5G, mai i ngā kapua tūmataiti ki te hangarau hangarau ranu, ka taea e NPB te whai wāhi ki ngā wāhi katoa e hiahiatia ana te tirohanga whatunga.
I te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o te AI me te rorohiko taha, ka nui haere te uaua o te haere o ngā whatunga, ā, ka whakapai ake anō hoki i ngā āheinga NPB (hei tauira, te whakamahi i te AI hei tautuhi aunoa i ngā haere rerekē me te whakahohe i te urutau māmā ake ki ngā pona taha). Mō ngā umanga, mā te mārama me te whakatinana wawe i ngā NPB ka āwhina i a rātou ki te hopu i te kaupapa whatunga me te karo i ngā peka i roto i tā rātou huringa mamati.
Kua tūtaki koe ki ngā wero aroturuki whatunga i roto i tō umanga? Hei tauira, kāore e taea te kite i ngā waka kua whakamunatia, kua haukotia rānei te aroturuki kapua ranu? Tukuna mai ō whakaaro ki te wāhanga kōrero, kia tūhuratia ngātahitia ai ngā otinga.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-23-2025
