Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te hopu mōkihi mā te whakamahi i ngā tauranga Network TAP me SPAN.
Whakaata Tauranga(e mōhiotia ana ko SPAN)
Pāwhiri Whatunga(e mōhiotia ana ko te Replication Tap, te Aggregation Tap, te Active Tap, te Copper Tap, te Ethernet Tap, me ētahi atu)TAP (Pūwāhi Uru Taunga)He taputapu pūmārō tino korekore te TAP, ka taea te hopu i ngā waka i runga i te whatunga. He mea whakamahi noa hei aroturuki i ngā waka i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua o te whatunga. Mena he taura tūturu te whatunga i waenga i ēnei pūwāhi e rua, ko te TAP whatunga pea te huarahi pai ki te hopu i ngā waka.
I mua i te whakamārama i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā otinga e rua (Port Mirror me Network Tap), he mea nui kia mārama ki te mahi a te Ethernet. I te 100Mbit me runga ake, ka kōrero ngā kaihautū i roto i te duplex katoa, arā, ka taea e te kaihautū kotahi te tuku (Tx) me te whiwhi (Rx) i te wā kotahi. Ko te tikanga tēnei, i runga i te taura 100 Mbit e hono ana ki te kaihautū kotahi, ko te tapeke o te waka whatunga ka taea e te kaihautū kotahi te tuku/whiwhi (Tx/Rx)) he 2 × 100 Mbit = 200 Mbit.
He tāruarua pākete hohe te whakaata tauranga, arā, ko te pūrere whatunga te kawenga ā-tinana mō te tārua i te pākete ki te tauranga whakaata.
Te Hopu i te Waka: TAP vs SPAN
I te wā e aroturuki ana i te haere o te whatunga, ki te kore koe e hiahia ki te whakahaere tika i te tautoko i te wā e tukatuka ana te kaiwhakamahi i tētahi tauwhitinga, e rua āu kōwhiringa matua. I roto i te tuhinga e whai ake nei, ka hoatu e mātou he tirohanga whānui mō te TAP (Test Access Point) me te SPAN (Switch Port Analyzer). Mō tētahi tātaritanga hohonu ake, he maha ngā tuhinga a te tohunga tirotiro mōkihi a Timo'Neill i lovemytool.com e whakamārama ana i ngā taipitopito, engari i konei, ka tangohia e mātou he huarahi whānui ake.
SPAN
Ko te whakaata tauranga he tikanga mō te aroturuki i te haere o ngā raraunga whatunga mā te tuku i tētahi tārua o ia mōkihi e haere mai ana, e haere atu ana rānei, mai i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā tauranga (VLan rānei) o tētahi pana ki tētahi atu tauranga e hono ana ki tētahi tātaritanga haere o ngā raraunga whatunga. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā whanga i roto i ngā pūnaha māmā ake hei aroturuki i ngā pae maha i te wā kotahi. Ko te maha tika o ngā tuku whatunga ka taea te aroturuki ka whakawhirinaki ki te wāhi i tāutahia ai te SPAN e pā ana ki ngā taputapu pokapū raraunga. Tērā pea ka kitea e koe te mea e rapuhia ana e koe, engari he ngāwari ki te kimi i a koe anō me te nui rawa o ngā raraunga. Hei tauira, ka taea te kimi i ngā tārua maha o ngā raraunga kotahi puta noa i tētahi VLAN katoa. Ka uaua ake te rapu raruraru LAN, ā, ka pā hoki ki te tere o te pūtukatuka pana, ka pā rānei ki te Ethernet mā te kimi tūnga. Ko te tikanga, ko te nui ake o ngā whanga, ko te nui ake o te tūponotanga ka ngaro ngā mōkihi. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tap, ka taea te whakahaere mamao i ngā whanga, ko te tikanga he iti ake te wā e pau ana ki te whakarerekē i ngā whirihoranga, engari me whai tonu ngā kaihangarau whatunga.
Ehara ngā tauranga SPAN i te hangarau kore mahi, e ai ki tā ētahi, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whai pānga ine ki te hokohoko whatunga, tae atu ki:
- Kua tae ki te wā hei whakarerekē i te taunekeneke anga
- Te maturuturunga o ngā mōkihi nā te nui rawa o ngā rapunga
- Ka tukuna ngā mōkihi kua pirau me te kore whakamōhiotanga, ka whakararu i te tātaritanga
Nō reira, he pai ake ngā tauranga SPAN mō ngā āhuatanga kāore e pā te maturuturunga o ngā mōkihi ki te tātari, ki ngā āhuatanga rānei e whakaarohia ana te utu.
TĀPĀ
He rerekē, me whakapau moni ngā taputapu ki ngā taputapu i te tīmatanga, engari kāore e hiahiatia he nui o te whakatūnga. Ina hoki, nā te mea he kore mahi, ka taea te hono me te momotu i te whatunga me te kore e pā ki a ia. Ko ngā taputapu he taputapu taputapu e whakarato ana i te huarahi ki te uru atu ki ngā raraunga e rere ana i roto i te whatunga rorohiko, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te haumarutanga whatunga me ngā kaupapa aroturuki mahi. Ko te waka e aroturukitia ana ka kiia ko te waka "pass-through" ā, ko te tauranga e whakamahia ana mō te aroturuki ka kiia ko te "monitoring port". Hei tirotiro mārama ake i te whatunga, ka taea te whakanoho i ngā taputapu ki waenganui i ngā pouara me ngā pana.
Nā te mea kāore a TAP e pā ki ngā mōkihi, ka taea te kī he huarahi tino ngāwari ki te tiro i ngā waka whatunga.
E toru ngā momo otinga TAP:
- Wehewehe whatunga (1 : 1)
- TAP Whakakotahi (maha: 1)
- TAP Whakaora (1: maha)
Ka tāruatia e TAP ngā whakawhitiwhiti ki tētahi taputapu aroturuki kotahi, ki tētahi taputapu whakawhiti mōkihi whatunga kiato-rahi rānei, ā, ka mahi ki ngā taputapu whakamātautau QOS maha (he maha tonu ngā wā), ngā taputapu aroturuki whatunga, me ngā taputapu tātari whatunga pērā i a wireshark.
Hei tāpiritanga, he rerekē ngā momo TAP i runga i te momo taura, tae atu ki te muka TAP me te gigabit copper TAP, e mahi ana i te nuinga o te wā i te huarahi kotahi mā te tuku i tētahi wāhanga o te tohu ki te tātaritanga waka whatunga, i te mea ka haere tonu te tauira matua ki te tuku me te kore e mutu. Mō te muka TAP, ko te mahi hei wehewehe i te hihi kia rua, i te mea i roto i te pūnaha taura parahi, ko te mahi hei tārua i te tohu hiko.
Te whakataurite i te TAP me te SPAN
Tuatahi, kāore te tauranga SPAN e pai mō te hononga 1G takirua-katoa, ā, ahakoa kei raro iho i tōna kaha mōrahi, ka tere tonu te whakataka i ngā mōkihi nā te mea kua taumaha rawa, nā te mea rānei ka whakatairangahia e te pana ngā rā tauranga-ki-tauranga noa i runga ake i ngā raraunga tauranga SPAN. Kāore i rite ki ngā pato whatunga, ka tātarihia e ngā tauranga SPAN ngā hapa paparanga tinana, ka uaua ake ai ētahi momo tātari, ā, e ai ki tā tātou i kite ai, ka taea e ngā wā pikinga hē me ngā anga kua whakarerekētia te whakaputa i ētahi atu raruraru. I tētahi atu taha, ka taea e TAP te whakahaere i te hononga 1G takirua-katoa.
Ka taea hoki e TAP te hopu katoa i ngā pākete me te tirotiro hōhonu i ngā pākete mō ngā kawa, ngā takahi ture, ngā urutomo, me ētahi atu. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā raraunga TAP hei taunakitanga i roto i te kooti, engari kāore e taea e ngā raraunga tauranga SPAN.
Ko te haumarutanga tētahi atu āhuatanga e rerekē ai ngā tikanga e rua. Ko ngā tauranga SPAN he mea whirihora mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kotahi te ara, engari ka taea hoki e rātou te whiwhi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i ētahi wā, ka puta he ngoikoretanga nui. He rerekē, kāore e taea te wāhitau i te TAP, ā, kāore he wāhitau IP, nō reira kāore e taea te taumanutia.
Kāore ngā tauranga SPAN e tuku i ngā tohu VLAN, ā, ka uaua pea te kite i ngā hapa VLAN, engari kāore e taea e ngā taputapu te kite i te whatunga VLAN katoa i te wā kotahi. Mēnā kāore e whakamahia ngā taputapu kua whakakotahihia, e kore te TAP e whakarato i te tohu kotahi mō ngā hongere e rua, engari me tūpato ki te kite i te taikaha. He taputapu kua whakakotahihia, pērā i te Booster mō Profitap, e whakakotahi ana i ngā tauranga 10/100/1G e waru i roto i te putanga 1G-10G.
Ka taea e Booster te whakauru i ngā mōkihi mā te whakauru i ngā tohu VLAN. Mā tēnei, ka tukuna ngā mōhiohio tauranga pūtake o ia mōkihi ki te kaitātari.
He taputapu tonu ngā tauranga SPAN mā ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga, engari ki te mea he mea nui te tere me te urunga pono ki ngā raraunga whatunga katoa, ko TAP te kōwhiringa pai ake. Ina whakatau ko tēhea huarahi hei whakamahi, he pai ake ngā tauranga SPAN mō ngā whatunga he iti te whakamahinga, nā te mea kāore ngā mōkihi ngaro e pā ki te tātari, he kōwhiringa rānei mēnā he āwangawanga te utu. Heoi, i runga i ngā whatunga he nui te haere o te tangata, mā te kaha, te haumarutanga, me te pono o TAP ka kitea katoatia te haere o te tangata i runga i tō whatunga me te kore e wehi kei ngaro te mōkihi, kei tātarihia rānei ngā hapa paparanga tinana.
○ E kitea katoatia ana
○ Tāruatia ngā waka katoa (ngā mōkihi katoa o ngā rahi me ngā momo katoa)
○ Ātaahua, kāore e pokanoa (kāore e whakarerekē i ngā raraunga)
○ I roto i te raupapa, kāore he putanga pana e whakamahia ana hei tārua i te waka takirua-katoa i roto i ngā taura. He ngāwari te whakatūnga (mono me te purei)
○ Kāore e taea te ārai i ngā kaipahua (pūrere aroturuki kāore e kitea, motuhake mai i te whatunga, kāore he wāhitau IP/MAC)
○ Ka taea te whakawhanui
○ He pai mō ngā āhuatanga katoa
○ Te tirohanga ā-wāhanga
○ Kāore e tārua i ngā waka katoa (te whakataka i ētahi rahi me ngā momo mōkihi)
○ Kore-pāhekoheko (te whakarerekē i te wā mōkihi, te whakanui ake i te whakaroa)
○ Whakamahia te tauranga pana (he tauranga pana kei ia tauranga SPAN)
○ Kāore e taea te whakahaere i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero takirua-katoa (ka taka ngā mōkihi ina utaina rawatia, ka whakararuraru pea i te mahi a te pana tuatahi)
○ Me whirihora e ngā kaihangarau
○ Kore Haumaru (He wāhanga o te whatunga te pūnaha aroturuki, ka raru pea te haumarutanga)
○ Kāore e taea te whakawhanui
○ Ka taea anake i raro i ētahi āhuatanga
Tērā pea ka pārekareka ki a koe te tuhinga e pā ana: Me pēhea te hopu i te haere o te whatunga? Network Tap vs Port Mirror
Wā tuku: Pipiri-09-2025
