I tēnei rā, ka tīmata tātou mā te arotahi ki te TCP. I mua ake nei i roto i te upoko mō te paparanga, i kōrerohia e tātou tētahi kōrero nui. I te paparanga whatunga me raro iho, he nui ake te kōrero mō ngā hononga manaaki ki te manaaki, arā, me mōhio tō rorohiko ki te wāhi kei reira tētahi atu rorohiko kia taea ai te hono atu ki a ia. Heoi, ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i te whatunga he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā tukanga, kaua i waenga i ngā mīhini. Nō reira, ka whakauruhia e te kawa TCP te ariā o te tauranga. Ka taea te noho i tētahi tauranga e te kotahi tukanga anake, e whakarato ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tika i waenga i ngā tukanga tono e rere ana i runga i ngā manaaki rerekē.
Ko te mahi a te paparanga kawe ko te whakarato ratonga whakawhitiwhiti tika i waenga i ngā tukanga tono e rere ana i runga i ngā kaihautū rerekē, nō reira e mōhiotia ana hoki ko te kawa pito-ki-pito. Ka huna e te paparanga kawe ngā taipitopito matua o te whatunga, ka taea ai e te tukanga tono te kite me te mea he hongere whakawhitiwhiti arorau pito-ki-pito i waenga i ngā hinonga paparanga kawe e rua.
Ko te TCP he tikanga mō te Transmission Control Protocol, ā, e mōhiotia ana ko te kawa hononga-arotahi. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, i mua i te tīmatanga o te tuku raraunga ki tētahi atu tono, me mahi he rūrū ringa ngā tukanga e rua. Ko te rūrū ringa he tukanga hono arorau e whakarite ana i te tuku pono me te whiwhinga raraunga tika. I te wā o te rūrū ringa, ka whakatūria he hononga i waenga i te pūtake me te ūnga mā te whakawhitiwhiti i tētahi raupapa o ngā mōkihi whakahaere me te whakaae ki ētahi tawhā me ngā ture hei whakarite i te tuku raraunga angitu.
He aha te TCP? (Mylinking'sPāwhiri WhatungameKaihokohoko Mōkihi Whatungaka taea te tukatuka i ngā Mōkihi TCP, UDP rānei)
Ko te TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) he kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e aro ana ki te hononga, pono, e hangai ana ki te apa kawe byte-stream.
Hononga-arotahiKo te tikanga o te hononga-arotahi ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero TCP he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero takitahi-ki-kotahi, arā, he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pito-ki-pito, he rerekē ki te UDP, e taea ai te tuku karere ki ngā kaihautū maha i te wā kotahi, nō reira kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kotahi-ki-maha.
PonoMā te pono o te TCP ka taea te tuku pono i ngā mōkihi ki te kaiwhiwhi ahakoa ngā panonitanga o te hononga whatunga, ā, ka uaua ake te whakatakotoranga mōkihi kawa o te TCP i tō te UDP.
E hangai ana ki te awa-paitaMā te āhua o te TCP e hangai ana ki te awa-paita ka taea te tuku karere o tetahi rahi, ā, ka whakamanahia te raupapa o te karere: ahakoa kāore anō kia tino tae mai te karere o mua, ahakoa kua tae mai ngā paita o muri mai, e kore a TCP e tuku atu ki te paparanga tono hei tukatuka, ā, ka tukuna aunoatia ngā mōkihi tāruarua.
Kia oti te hononga i waenganui i te kaihautū A me te kaihautū B te whakatū hononga, me whakamahi noa te tono i te raina whakawhitiwhiti mariko hei tuku me te whiwhi raraunga, kia pai ai te tuku raraunga. Ko te kawa TCP te kawenga mō te whakahaere i ngā mahi pēnei i te whakatū hononga, te momotu, me te pupuri. Me mōhio kei konei mātou e kī ana ko te tikanga o te raina mariko ko te whakatū hononga anake, ko te hononga kawa TCP e tohu ana ka taea e ngā taha e rua te tīmata i te tuku raraunga, me te whakarite i te pono o ngā raraunga. Ko ngā pona ara me te kawe ka whakahaeretia e ngā taputapu whatunga; kāore te kawa TCP e aro ki ēnei taipitopito.
He ratonga takirua-katoa te hononga TCP, arā, ka taea e te kaihautū A me te kaihautū B te tuku raraunga i ngā taha e rua i roto i te hononga TCP. Arā, ka taea te whakawhiti raraunga i waenga i te kaihautū A me te kaihautū B i roto i te rere ā-rua.
Ka rongoatia e te TCP ngā raraunga i roto i te pūwero tuku o te hononga mō te wā poto. Ko tēnei pūwero tuku tētahi o ngā keteroki i whakatūria i te wā o te rūrū ringa-toru. Muri iho, ka tukuna e te TCP ngā raraunga i roto i te keteroki tuku ki te keteroki whiwhi o te kaihautū ūnga i te wā tika. I roto i te mahi, ka whai ia hoa i tētahi keteroki tuku me tētahi keteroki whiwhi, e whakaaturia ana i konei:
Ko te pūmau tuku he wāhi mahara e puritia ana e te whakatinanatanga TCP i te taha kaituku e whakamahia ana hei penapena raraunga mō te wā poto hei tuku. Ina mahia te rūrū ringa-toru hei whakatū hononga, ka whakatūria te keteroki tuku, ā, ka whakamahia hei penapena raraunga. Ka whakarerekētia te pūmau tuku i runga i te noho puku o te whatunga me te urupare mai i te kaiwhiwhi.
Ko te pūmau whiwhi he wāhi mahara e puritia ana e te whakatinanatanga TCP i te taha whiwhi e whakamahia ana hei penapena wā poto i ngā raraunga kua whiwhia. Ka rongoa e TCP ngā raraunga kua whiwhia ki te keteroki whiwhi, ā, ka tatari kia pānuihia e te tono o runga.
Kia mōhio koe he iti noa te rahi o te keteroki tuku me te keteroki whiwhi, ina kī tonu te keteroki, ka whakamahia pea e te TCP ētahi rautaki, pērā i te whakahaere i te haukoti, te whakahaere rere, me ētahi atu, hei whakarite i te pono o te tuku raraunga me te pumau o te whatunga.
I roto i ngā whatunga rorohiko, ka tukuna ngā raraunga i waenga i ngā kaihautū mā roto i ngā wāhanga. Nā, he aha te wāhanga mōkihi?
Ka hangaia e te TCP he wāhanga TCP, he wāhanga mōkihi rānei, mā te wehewehe i te awa e haere mai ana kia porowhita, me te tāpiri i ngā pane TCP ki ia porowhita. Ka taea anake te tuku i ia Wāhanga mō te wā poto, ā, kāore e taea te neke atu i te Rahi Wāhanga Mōrahi (MSS). I a ia e heke iho ana, ka haere te wāhanga mōkihi mā te paparanga hononga. Kei te paparanga hononga he Wāhanga Tuku Mōrahi (MTU), koinei te rahi mōkihi mōrahi ka taea te haere mā te paparanga hononga raraunga. Ko te wāhanga tuku mōrahi e pā ana ki te atanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
Nā, he aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te MSS me te MTU?
I roto i ngā whatunga rorohiko, he mea tino nui te hanganga hierarki nā te mea ka whakaarohia ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā taumata rerekē. He ingoa rerekē tō ia paparanga; i roto i te paparanga kawe, ka kiia te raraunga he wāhanga, ā, i roto i te paparanga whatunga, ka kiia te raraunga he pākete IP. Nō reira, ka taea te whakaaro ko te Wāhanga Tuku Mōrahi (MTU) te Rahi Pākete IP Mōrahi ka taea te tuku e te paparanga whatunga, ko te Rahi Wāhanga Mōrahi ia (MSS) he ariā paparanga kawe e pā ana ki te nui rawa o ngā raraunga ka taea te tuku e te pākete TCP i te wā kotahi.
Kia mōhio mai, ina nui ake te Rahi Wāhanga Mōrahi (MSS) i te Wāhanga Tuku Mōrahi (MTU), ka mahia te wehewehenga IP i te paparanga whatunga, ā, e kore a TCP e wehewehe i ngā raraunga nui ake ki ngā wāhanga e tika ana mō te rahi MTU. Ka whai wāhanga i te paparanga whatunga e whakatapua ana ki te paparanga IP.
Hanganga wāhanga mōkihi TCP
Me tūhura tātou i te whakatakotoranga me ngā ihirangi o ngā pane TCP.
Tau raupapatangaHe tau matapōkere i hangaia e te rorohiko ina whakatūria te hononga hei uara tuatahi ina whakatūria te hononga TCP, ā, ka tukuna te tau raupapa ki te kaiwhiwhi mā te mōkihi SYN. I te wā e tukuna ana ngā raraunga, ka whakanuia e te kaituku te tau raupapa kia rite ki te nui o ngā raraunga kua tukuna. Ka aromatawaihia e te kaiwhiwhi te raupapa o ngā raraunga kia rite ki te tau raupapa i whiwhihia. Mena ka kitea he hapa te raupapa o ngā raraunga, ka whakarerekētia e te kaiwhiwhi te raupapa o ngā raraunga kia pai ai te raupapa o ngā raraunga.
Tau WhakaaeHe tau raupapa tēnei e whakamahia ana i roto i te TCP hei whakaae i te whiwhinga raraunga. E tohu ana i te tau raupapa o ngā raraunga e whai ake nei e tumanakohia ana e te kaituku kia whiwhi. I roto i te hononga TCP, ka whakatauhia e te kaiwhiwhi ko ēhea raraunga kua whiwhi angitu i runga i te tau raupapa o te wāhanga mōkihi raraunga kua whiwhi. Ina whiwhi angitu te kaiwhiwhi i ngā raraunga, ka tukuna he mōkihi ACK ki te kaituku, kei roto nei te tau whakaae. Whai muri i te whiwhinga o te mōkihi ACK, ka taea e te kaituku te whakaū kua whiwhi angitu ngā raraunga i mua i te whakaae ki te tau whakautu.
Ko ngā moka whakahaere o tētahi wāhanga TCP ko ēnei e whai ake nei:
Momo ACKIna 1 tēnei moka, ko te tikanga he tika te āpure whakautu whakaae. Mā te TCP e tohu me whakatakoto tēnei moka ki te 1 engari mō ngā mōkihi SYN ina whakatūria te hononga i te tīmatanga.
Moka RSTIna 1 tēnei moka, e tohu ana tēnei he okotahi kei roto i te hononga TCP, ā, me akiaki kia momotu te hononga.
Moka SYNIna whakatakotoria tēnei moka ki te 1, ko te tikanga me whakatū te hononga, ā, ka whakatakotoria te uara tīmatanga o te tau raupapa ki te āpure tau raupapa.
Moka FINIna 1 tēnei moka, ko te tikanga kāore he raraunga e tukuna atu ā muri ake nei, ā, e hiahiatia ana te hononga.
Ko ngā mahi me ngā āhuatanga o te TCP e whakaatuhia ana e te hanganga o ngā wāhanga mōkihi TCP.
He aha te UDP? (Mylinking'sPāwhiri WhatungameKaihokohoko Mōkihi Whatunga(ka taea te tukatuka i ngā Mōkihi TCP, UDP rānei)
He kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kore hononga te Kawa Raraunga Kaiwhakamahi (UDP). Ki te whakatauritea ki te TCP, kāore te UDP e whakarato i ngā tikanga whakahaere uaua. Mā te kawa UDP ka taea e ngā tono te tuku tika i ngā mōkihi IP kua whakakōpiritia me te kore e whakatū hononga. Ina whiriwhiri te kaiwhakawhanake ki te whakamahi i te UDP hei utu mō te TCP, ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tika te tono ki te IP.
Ko te ingoa katoa o te UDP Protocol ko User Datagram Protocol, ā, e waru noa iho ngā paita (64 bits) o tōna pane, he tino poto. Ko te whakatakotoranga o te pane UDP penei:
Ngā tauranga ūnga me ngā tauranga pūtakeKo tā rātou kaupapa matua he tohu ki tēhea tukanga me tuku atu e te UDP ngā mōkihi.
Rahi o te mōkihiKei roto i te āpure rahi mōkihi te rahi o te pane UDP me te rahi o ngā raraunga
Tātaitai: I hangaia hei whakarite kia pono te tukunga o ngā pane me ngā raraunga UDP. Ko te mahi a te checksum he kite mēnā kua puta he hapa, he pirau rānei i te wā e tukuna ana he mōkihi UDP hei whakarite i te pono o ngā raraunga.
Ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te TCP me te UDP i roto i te Mylinking'sPāwhiri WhatungameKaihokohoko Mōkihi Whatungaka taea te tukatuka i ngā Mōkihi TCP, UDP rānei
He rerekē te TCP me te UDP i ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
HonongaHe kawa kawe hononga-hononga te TCP e hiahia ana kia whakatūria he hononga i mua i te whakawhiti raraunga. Ko te UDP ia, kāore e hiahiatia he hononga, ā, ka taea tonu te whakawhiti raraunga.
Ahanoa RatongaHe ratonga kotahi-ki-te-kotahi e rua-ira te TCP, arā, e rua noa ngā pito whakamutunga o te hononga hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tetahi ki tetahi. Heoi, ka tautoko te UDP i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tauwhitiwhiti kotahi-ki-te-kotahi, kotahi-ki-te-maha, me te maha-ki-te-maha, ka taea te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā kaihautū maha i te wā kotahi.
Te ponoMā te TCP e whakarato te ratonga tuku raraunga pono, kia kore ai he hapa, he ngaronga, he kore tārua, ā, kia tae mai ai i te wā e tonoa ana. Engari, mā te UDP e whakapau kaha, ā, kāore e kī taurangi ka pono te tukunga. Tērā pea ka pāngia te UDP e te ngaronga raraunga me ētahi atu āhuatanga i te wā e tukuna ana.
Te whakahaere i te pupuhi, te whakahaere rereKei te TCP ngā tikanga whakahaere i te pupū me te rere o te raraunga, ka taea te whakarerekē i te tere tuku raraunga kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te whatunga hei whakarite i te haumaru me te pumau o te tuku raraunga. Kāore he tikanga whakahaere pupū me te rere o te UDP, ahakoa he tino pupū te whatunga, e kore e whakarerekē i te tere tuku UDP.
Te pane matuaHe roa te roa o te pane o te TCP, arā, 20 paita te nuinga, ka piki ake tēnei ina whakamahia ngā āpure kōwhiringa. Engari, ko te UDP, he 8 paita anake te pane kua whakaritea, nō reira he iti ake te utu pane o te UDP.
Ngā horopaki tono TCP me te UDP:
He rerekē ngā kawa paparanga kawe e rua o te TCP me te UDP, ā, he rerekētanga kei roto i ngā horopaki tono.
I te mea he kawa hononga-arotahi te TCP, ka whakamahia nuitia i ngā horopaki e hiahiatia ana te tuku raraunga pono. Ko ētahi o ngā whakamahinga noa ko:
Whakawhiti kōnae FTPKa taea e te TCP te whakarite kia kore ngā kōnae e ngaro, e pirau rānei i te wā e whakawhitihia ana.
HTTP/HTTPSMā te TCP ka whakarite te pono me te tika o ngā ihirangi tukutuku.
Nā te mea he kawa hononga kore te UDP, kāore e whakarato i te taurangi pono, engari he āhuatanga o te whai huatanga me te wā-tūturu. He pai te UDP mō ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Te iti o te haere o ngā raraunga, pērā i te DNS (Pūnaha Ingoa Rohe)He poto noa ngā pākete o ngā patai DNS, ā, ka taea e te UDP te whakaoti tere ake.
Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero maha-rongoā pēnei i te ataata me te oroMō te tuku rongorau maha me ngā whakaritenga wā-tūturu teitei, ka taea e te UDP te whakarato i te whakaroa iti ake kia taea ai te tuku raraunga i te wā tika.
Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pāhoKa tautoko te UDP i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kotahi-ki-te-maha me te maha-ki-te-maha, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te tuku karere pāho.
Whakarāpopototanga
I tēnei rā i ako tātou mō te TCP. He kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a te TCP e aro ana ki te hononga, e pono ana, e ahu mai ana i te apa kawe i runga i te awa-paita. Ka whakarite i te tuku pono me te whiwhinga raraunga mā te whakatū hononga, te rūrū ringa me te whakaae. Ka whakamahia e te kawa TCP ngā tauranga hei whakatutuki i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā tukanga, ā, ka whakarato ratonga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tika mō ngā tukanga tono e rere ana i runga i ngā kaihautū rerekē. He takirua-katoa ngā hononga TCP, e āhei ai te whakawhiti raraunga e rua-ara i te wā kotahi. He rerekē, he kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kore-hononga te UDP, kāore e whakarato i ngā taurangi pono, ā, he pai mō ētahi āhuatanga he nui ngā whakaritenga wā-tūturu. He rerekē te TCP me te UDP i roto i te aratau hononga, te ahanoa ratonga, te pono, te whakahaere i te ngau, te whakahaere rere me ētahi atu āhuatanga, ā, he rerekē anō hoki ā rāua āhuatanga tono.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-03-2024
