Te Kawe Pono o te TCP
E mōhio ana tātou katoa ki te kawa TCP hei kawa kawe pono, engari me pēhea e whakarite ai i te pono o te kawe?
Hei whakatutuki i te tuku pono, he maha ngā āhuatanga me whai whakaaro, pērā i te pirau raraunga, te ngaronga, te tāruarua, me ngā maramara kore raupapa. Ki te kore e taea te whakatau i ēnei raruraru, e kore e taea te whakatutuki i te tuku pono.
Nō reira, ka whakamahia e te TCP ngā tikanga pēnei i te tau raupapa, te whakautu whakaae, te mana tuku anō, te whakahaere hononga, me te mana matapihi hei whakatutuki i te tuku pono.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka arotahi mātou ki te matapihi reti, te whakahaere rere me te whakahaere pupū o te TCP. Ka hipokina motuhaketia te tikanga tuku anō i te wāhanga e whai ake nei.
Mana Rere Whatunga
Ko te Whakahaere Rere Whatunga, e mōhiotia ana ko te Whakahaere Waka Whatunga, he whakaaturanga o te whanaungatanga huna i waenga i ngā kaihanga me ngā kaihoko. Kua maha pea ngā wā kua tūtaki koe ki tēnei āhuatanga i te mahi, i ngā uiuinga rānei. Mēnā he nui ake te kaha o te kaihanga ki te whakaputa i te kaha o te kaihoko ki te kai, ka piki haere tonu te rārangi mahi. I roto i tētahi take nui ake, ka mōhio pea koe ina nui rawa te puranga o ngā karere RabbitMQ, ka heke te mahi a te tūmau MQ katoa. Pērā anō hoki mō te TCP; ki te kore e tirohia, ka nui rawa ngā karere ka tukuna ki te whatunga, ā, kua nui ake te kaha o ngā kaihoko, engari ka tukuna tonutia e ngā kaihanga ngā karere tārua, ka pā nui ki te mahi a te whatunga.
Hei whakatika i tēnei āhuatanga, ka whakaratohia e te TCP tētahi tikanga mā te kaituku hei whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga ka tukuna i runga i te kaha tuturu o te kaiwhiwhi ki te whiwhi, e mōhiotia ana ko te mana rere. Ka pupuri te kaiwhiwhi i tētahi matapihi whiwhi, ko te kaituku ia ka pupuri i tētahi matapihi tuku. Me mōhio ko ēnei Matapihi he mea mō tētahi hononga TCP kotahi anake, ā, kāore e whakamahia ana tētahi matapihi e ngā hononga katoa.
Mā te TCP ka taea te whakahaere i te rere o ngā raraunga mā te whakamahi i tētahi taurangi mō tētahi matapihi whiwhi. Mā te matapihi whiwhi ka tohua e te kaituku te nui o te wāhi keteroki e wātea ana. Mā te kaituku e whakahaere te nui o ngā raraunga ka tukuna kia rite ki te kaha whakaae tuturu o te kaiwhiwhi.
Ka whakamōhio te kaihautū o te kaiwhiwhi ki te kaituku mō te rahi o ngā raraunga ka taea e ia te whiwhi, ā, ka tukuna e te kaituku tae atu ki tēnei rohe. Ko tēnei rohe te rahi o te matapihi, kei te mahara koe ki te pane TCP? He āpure matapihi whiwhi kei reira, e whakamahia ana hei tohu i te maha o ngā paita ka taea, ka hiahia rānei te kaiwhiwhi ki te whiwhi.
Ka tukuna e te kaihautū tuku he kete tirotiro matapihi i ia wā, hei kimi mēnā kei te taea tonu e te kaihautū kaiwhiwhi te tango raraunga. Ina tata te puea ake o te pūrua o te kaiwhiwhi, ka whakatakotoria te rahi o te matapihi ki tētahi uara iti ake hei tohutohu i te kaituku ki te whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga e tukuna ana.
Anei tētahi hoahoa Whakahaere Rere Whatunga:
Te Whakahaere i te Pūtake o te Whatunga
I mua i te whakaurunga o te whakahaere i te aukati raraunga, me mārama tātou, haunga te matapihi whiwhi me te matapihi tuku, kei reira anō te matapihi aukati raraunga, e whakamahia ana hei whakaoti rapanga mō te tere o te tuku raraunga a te kaituku ki te matapihi whiwhi. Nō reira, ko te kaituku TCP anō hoki e tiaki ana i te matapihi aukati raraunga. Me whai pūnaha hei whakatau i te nui o ngā raraunga e tika ana hei tuku, nā te mea ehara i te mea pai te tuku raraunga iti rawa, nui rawa rānei, nō reira te ariā o te matapihi aukati raraunga.
I te whakahaere rere whatunga o mua, ko tā mātou i karo ko te whakakī a te kaituku i te keteroki a te kaiwhiwhi ki ngā raraunga, engari kāore mātou i te mōhio he aha te mea e tupu ana i roto i te whatunga. Ko te tikanga, kei roto ngā whatunga rorohiko i tētahi taiao tiritahi. Nō reira, tera pea ka noho pūngao te whatunga nā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ētahi atu kaihautū.
Ina kī tonu te whatunga, ki te nui tonu ngā mōkihi e tukuna ana, ka puta pea he raruraru pēnei i te whakaroa me te ngaronga o ngā mōkihi. I tēnei wā, ka tukuna anō e te TCP ngā raraunga, engari ka nui ake te taumahatanga o te tuku anō ki te whatunga, ka nui ake ngā whakaroa me ngā ngaronga mōkihi. Ka taea e tēnei te uru ki tētahi huringa kino, ā, ka nui haere tonu.
Nō reira, kāore e taea e te TCP te wareware i ngā mea e tupu ana i runga i te whatunga. Ina kīkī te whatunga, ka patu a TCP i a ia anō mā te whakaiti i te nui o ngā raraunga ka tukuna e ia.
Nō reira, ka whakaarohia te whakahaere i te whakakīkī i ngā raraunga, arā, kia kore ai e whakakīia te whatunga katoa ki ngā raraunga mai i te kaituku. Hei whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga me tuku e te kaituku, ka tautuhia e te TCP tētahi ariā e kiia nei ko te matapihi whakakīkī. Ka whakarerekētia e te pūnaha whakahaere whakakīkī te rahi o te matapihi whakakīkī kia rite ki te nui o te whakakīkī o te whatunga, kia taea ai te whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga e tukuna ana e te kaituku.
He aha te matapihi pupū? He aha te pānga o tēnei ki te matapihi tuku?
Ko te Matapihi Pūngao he taurangi āhua e puritia ana e te kaituku e whakatau ana i te nui o ngā raraunga ka taea e te kaituku te tuku. Ka huri haere te matapihi pūngao i runga i te taumata pūngao o te whatunga.
Ko te Matapihi Tuku he rahi matapihi kua whakaaetia i waenganui i te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi e tohu ana i te nui o ngā raraunga ka taea e te kaiwhiwhi te whiwhi. He hononga te matapihi whakakī me te matapihi tuku; ko te matapihi tuku he rite tonu ki te iti rawa o ngā Matapihi whakakī me te whiwhi, arā, swnd = min(cwnd, rwnd).
Ka huri te matapihi whakakī penei:
Mena kāore he pupūtanga i roto i te whatunga, arā, kāore he wā mutu tuku anō e puta, ka nui ake te matapihi pupūtanga.
Mena he pupūtanga kei roto i te whatunga, ka heke te matapihi pupūtanga.
Mā te kaituku e whakatau mēnā kei te kikī te whatunga mā te tirotiro mēnā kua tae mai te kete whakamihi ACK i roto i te wā kua whakaritea. Mēnā kāore te kaituku e whiwhi i te kete whakamihi ACK i roto i te wā kua whakaritea, ka kiia kua kikī te whatunga.
Haunga te matapihi whakakīkī, kua tae ki te wā ki te matapaki i te raupaparorohiko whakahaere whakakīkī TCP. E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te raupaparorohiko whakahaere whakakīkī TCP:
Tīmatanga Pōturi:I te tīmatanga, he iti noa te matapihi whakakīkī cwnd, ā, ka whakanuia rawatia e te kaituku te matapihi whakakīkī kia tere ai te urutau ki te kaha o te whatunga.
Te karo i te whakakīkī:Kia hipa ake te matapihi pupū i tētahi paepae, ka whakanuia e te kaituku te matapihi pupū i runga i te āhua rārangi hei whakaroa i te tere tipu o te matapihi pupū me te karo i te taumaha rawa o te whatunga.
Whakaora Tere:Mena ka puta he pupūtanga, ka hauruatia e te kaituku te matapihi pupūtanga ka tomo ki te āhua whakaora tere hei whakatau i te tauwāhi o te whakaora whatunga mā roto i ngā acks tāruarua kua whiwhihia, kātahi ka haere tonu ki te whakanui ake i te matapihi pupūtanga.
Tīmatanga Pōturi
Ina whakatūria he hononga TCP, ka whakatakotoria tuatahitia te matapihi whakakī ki te uara iti rawa o te MSS (rahi wāhanga mōrahi). Mā tēnei, ko te tere tuku tuatahi he tata ki te MSS/RTT paita/hēkona. Ko te whānui o te whānui e wātea ana he nui ake i te MSS/RTT, nō reira e hiahia ana te TCP ki te kimi i te tere tuku tino pai, ka taea te whakatutuki mā te tīmatanga puhoi.
I roto i te tukanga tīmatanga puhoi, ka tīmatahia te uara o te cwnd matapihi whakakī ki te 1 MSS, ā, i ia wā ka whakaaetia te wāhanga mōkihi kua tukuna, ka piki ake te uara o te cwnd mā te kotahi MSS, arā, ka huri te uara o te cwnd ki te 2 MSS. Whai muri i tēnā, ka takiruahia te uara o te cwnd mō ia tuku angitu o tētahi wāhanga mōkihi, ā, pērā tonu. Kei te whakaatuhia te tukanga tipu motuhake i te pikitia e whai ake nei.
Heoi, kāore e taea te piki tonu te tere tuku; me mutu te tipu i tētahi wā. Nō reira, āhea ka mutu te pikinga o te tere tuku? Ko te tīmatanga puhoi te tikanga ka mutu te pikinga o te tere tuku i tētahi o ngā huarahi maha:
Ko te huarahi tuatahi ko te ngaronga o te mōkihi i te wā e tukuna ana te tīmatanga puhoi. Ina puta he ngaronga mōkihi, ka whakatakotohia e te TCP te matapihi cwnd o te kaituku ki te 1, ā, ka tīmata anō te tukanga tīmatanga puhoi. I tēnei wā, ka whakaurua he ariā o te paepae tīmatanga puhoi ssthresh, ko tōna uara tīmatanga he haurua o te uara o te cwnd e whakaputa ana i te ngaronga mōkihi. Arā, ina kitea he raruraru, ko te uara o te ssthresh he haurua o te uara matapihi.
Ko te huarahi tuarua ko te hono tika ki te uara o te paepae tīmatanga-pōturi ssthresh. Nā te mea ko te uara o te ssthresh he haurua o te uara matapihi ina kitea he pupū, ka puta pea te ngaronga o te mōkihi i ia takirua ina nui ake te cwnd i te ssthresh. Nō reira, he pai ake te whakatakoto i te cwnd ki te ssthresh, ka huri te TCP ki te aratau whakahaere pupū me te tīmatanga-pōturi mutunga.
Ko te huarahi whakamutunga e mutu ai te tīmatanga puhoi ko te mea mēnā ka kitea he toru ngā acks tāpiri, ka tere te tuku anō a TCP, ā, ka uru ki te āhua whakaora. (Mēnā kāore i te mārama he aha i toru ai ngā mōkihi ACK, ka whakamāramahia motuhaketia i roto i te tikanga tuku anō.)
Te Ārai i te Pūngāwerewere
Ina uru te TCP ki te āhua whakahaere i te whakakīkī, ka whakatakotoria te cwnd ki te haurua o te paepae whakakīkī ssthresh. Ko te tikanga tēnei kāore e taea te whakaneke rua i te uara o te cwnd i ia wā ka whiwhihia he wāhanga mōkihi. Engari, ka whakamahia he huarahi ātaahua, arā, ka whakanuia te uara o te cwnd mā te kotahi MSS anake (te roa mōrahi o te wāhanga mōkihi) i muri i ia tukunga. Hei tauira, ahakoa ka whakaaetia ngā wāhanga mōkihi 10, ka piki noa te uara o te cwnd mā te kotahi MSS. He tauira tipu rārangi tēnei, ā, he rohe whakarunga anō hoki tōna mō te tipu. Ina puta te ngaronga mōkihi, ka hurihia te uara o te cwnd ki te MSS, ā, ka whakatakotoria te uara o te ssthresh ki te haurua o te cwnd. Ka mutu rānei te tipu o te MSS ina whiwhihia ngā urupare ACK tāpiri e 3. Mena ka whiwhi tonuhia ngā ack tāpiri e toru i muri i te haurua o te uara o te cwnd, ka tuhia te uara o te ssthresh hei haurua o te uara o te cwnd, ā, ka whakaurua te āhua whakaora tere.
Whakaora Tere
I te āhua Whakaora Tere, ka whakanuia te uara o te matapihi whakakīkī mā te kotahi MSS mō ia ACK tāpiri kua whiwhihia, arā, ko te ACK kāore i tae mai i te raupapa. Ko te tikanga tēnei hei whakamahi i ngā wāhanga mōkihi kua tukuna angitu i roto i te whatunga hei whakapai ake i te pai o te tuku.
Ina tae mai he ACK o te wāhanga mōkihi ngaro, ka whakaitihia e te TCP te uara o te cwnd, kātahi ka uru ki te āhua ārai i te pupūnga. Hei whakahaere i te rahi o te matapihi pupūnga, me te karo i te whakanui ake i te pupūnga whatunga.
Mena ka puta he wā mutu i muri i te āhua whakahaere i te pupūtanga, ka nui haere te kino o te āhua whatunga, ā, ka neke te TCP mai i te āhua karo pupūtanga ki te āhua tīmatanga puhoi. I tēnei wā, ka whakatakotoria te uara o te matapihi pupūtanga cwnd ki te 1 MSS, ko te roa mōrahi o te wāhanga mōkihi, ā, ka whakatakotoria te uara o te paepae tīmatanga puhoi ssthresh ki te haurua o te cwnd. Ko te kaupapa o tēnei he whakanui haere i te rahi o te matapihi pupūtanga i muri i te whakaoranga o te whatunga hei whakataurite i te tere tuku me te nui o te pupūtanga whatunga.
Whakarāpopototanga
Hei kawa kawe pono, ka whakatinanahia e te TCP te kawe pono mā te tau raupapa, te whakaae, te whakahaere tuku anō, te whakahaere hononga me te whakahaere matapihi. I roto i ēnei, ko te tikanga whakahaere rere e whakahaere ana i te nui o ngā raraunga e tukuna ana e te kaituku i runga i te kaha tuturu o te kaiwhiwhi, e karo ana i ngā raruraru o te pupū whatunga me te hekenga o te mahi. Ka karohia e te tikanga whakahaere pupū te puta o te pupū whatunga mā te whakarerekē i te nui o ngā raraunga e tukuna ana e te kaituku. He hononga ngā ariā o te matapihi pupū me te matapihi tuku tetahi ki tetahi, ā, ko te nui o ngā raraunga i te kaituku ka whakahaeretia mā te whakarerekē hihiri i te rahi o te matapihi pupū. Ko te tīmatanga puhoi, te karo i te pupū me te whakaora tere ko ngā wāhanga matua e toru o te raupapatanga whakahaere pupū TCP, e whakarerekē ana i te rahi o te matapihi pupū mā roto i ngā rautaki rerekē hei urutau ki te kaha me te nui o te pupū o te whatunga.
I te wāhanga e whai ake nei, ka tirohia e tātou te tikanga tuku anō a te TCP. He wāhanga nui te tikanga tuku anō o te TCP hei whakatutuki i te tuku pono. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia pono te tuku raraunga mā te tuku anō i ngā raraunga ngaro, kua pakaru, kua whakaroa rānei. Ka whakaaturia, ka tātarihia hoki te mātāpono whakatinanatanga me te rautaki o te tikanga tuku anō i te wāhanga e whai ake nei. Kia mataara mai!
Wā tuku: 24-Pepuere-2025
