Te Kawe Pono o te TCP
E mōhio ana tātou katoa ki te kawa TCP hei kawa kawe pono, engari me pēhea e whakarite ai i te pono o te kawe?
Hei whakatutuki i te tuku pono, he maha ngā āhuatanga me whai whakaaro, pērā i te pirau raraunga, te ngaronga, te tāruarua, me ngā maramara kore raupapa. Ki te kore e taea te whakatau i ēnei raruraru, e kore e taea te whakatutuki i te tuku pono.
Nō reira, ka whakamahia e te TCP ngā tikanga pēnei i te tau raupapa, te whakautu whakaae, te mana tuku anō, te whakahaere hononga, me te mana matapihi hei whakatutuki i te tuku pono.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka arotahi mātou ki te matapihi reti, te whakahaere rere me te whakahaere pupū o te TCP. Ka hipokina motuhaketia te tikanga tuku anō i te wāhanga e whai ake nei.
Mana Rere Whatunga
Ko te Whakahaere Rere Whatunga, e mōhiotia ana ko te Whakahaere Waka Whatunga, he whakaaturanga o te whanaungatanga huna i waenga i ngā kaihanga me ngā kaihoko. Kua maha pea ngā wā kua tūtaki koe ki tēnei āhuatanga i te mahi, i ngā uiuinga rānei. Mēnā he nui ake te kaha o te kaihanga ki te whakaputa i te kaha o te kaihoko ki te kai, ka piki haere tonu te rārangi mahi. I roto i tētahi take nui ake, ka mōhio pea koe ina nui rawa te puranga o ngā karere RabbitMQ, ka heke te mahi a te tūmau MQ katoa. Pērā anō hoki mō te TCP; ki te kore e tirohia, ka nui rawa ngā karere ka tukuna ki te whatunga, ā, kua nui ake te kaha o ngā kaihoko, engari ka tukuna tonutia e ngā kaihanga ngā karere tārua, ka pā nui ki te mahi a te whatunga.
Hei whakatika i tēnei āhuatanga, ka whakaratohia e te TCP tētahi tikanga mā te kaituku hei whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga ka tukuna i runga i te kaha tuturu o te kaiwhiwhi ki te whiwhi, e mōhiotia ana ko te mana rere. Ka pupuri te kaiwhiwhi i tētahi matapihi whiwhi, ko te kaituku ia ka pupuri i tētahi matapihi tuku. Me mōhio ko ēnei Matapihi he mea mō tētahi hononga TCP kotahi anake, ā, kāore e whakamahia ana tētahi matapihi e ngā hononga katoa.
Mā te TCP ka taea te whakahaere i te rere o ngā raraunga mā te whakamahi i tētahi taurangi mō tētahi matapihi whiwhi. Mā te matapihi whiwhi ka tohua e te kaituku te nui o te wāhi keteroki e wātea ana. Mā te kaituku e whakahaere te nui o ngā raraunga ka tukuna kia rite ki te kaha whakaae tuturu o te kaiwhiwhi.
Ka whakamōhio te kaihautū o te kaiwhiwhi ki te kaituku mō te rahi o ngā raraunga ka taea e ia te whiwhi, ā, ka tukuna e te kaituku tae atu ki tēnei rohe. Ko tēnei rohe te rahi o te matapihi, kei te mahara koe ki te pane TCP? He āpure matapihi whiwhi kei reira, e whakamahia ana hei tohu i te maha o ngā paita ka taea, ka hiahia rānei te kaiwhiwhi ki te whiwhi.
Ka tukuna e te kaihautū tuku he kete tirotiro matapihi i ia wā, hei kimi mēnā kei te taea tonu e te kaihautū kaiwhiwhi te tango raraunga. Ina tata te puea ake o te pūnga o te kaiwhiwhi, ka whakatakotoria te rahi o te matapihi ki tētahi uara iti ake hei tohutohu i te kaituku ki te whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga e tukuna ana.
Anei tētahi hoahoa Whakahaere Rere Whatunga:
Te Whakahaere i te Pūtake o te Whatunga
I mua i te whakaurunga o te whakahaere i te aukati raraunga, me mārama tātou, haunga te matapihi whiwhi me te matapihi tuku, kei reira anō te matapihi aukati raraunga, e whakamahia ana hei whakaoti rapanga mō te tere o te tuku raraunga a te kaituku ki te matapihi whiwhi. Nō reira, ko te kaituku TCP anō hoki e tiaki ana i te matapihi aukati raraunga. Me whai pūnaha hei whakatau i te nui o ngā raraunga e tika ana hei tuku, nā te mea ehara i te mea pai te tuku raraunga iti rawa, nui rawa rānei, nō reira te ariā o te matapihi aukati raraunga.
I te whakahaere rere whatunga o mua, ko tā mātou i karo ko te whakakī a te kaituku i te keteroki a te kaiwhiwhi ki ngā raraunga, engari kāore mātou i te mōhio he aha te mea e tupu ana i roto i te whatunga. Ko te tikanga, kei roto ngā whatunga rorohiko i tētahi taiao tiritahi. Nō reira, tera pea ka noho pūngao te whatunga nā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ētahi atu kaihautū.
Ina kī tonu te whatunga, ki te nui tonu ngā mōkihi e tukuna ana, ka puta pea he raruraru pēnei i te whakaroa me te ngaronga o ngā mōkihi. I tēnei wā, ka tukuna anō e te TCP ngā raraunga, engari ka nui ake te taumahatanga o te tuku anō ki te whatunga, ka nui ake ngā whakaroa me ngā ngaronga mōkihi. Ka taea e tēnei te uru ki tētahi huringa kino, ā, ka nui haere tonu.
Nō reira, kāore e taea e te TCP te wareware i ngā mea e tupu ana i runga i te whatunga. Ina kīkī te whatunga, ka patu a TCP i a ia anō mā te whakaiti i te nui o ngā raraunga ka tukuna e ia.
Nō reira, ka whakaarohia te whakahaere i te whakakīkī i ngā raraunga, arā, kia kore ai e whakakīia te whatunga katoa ki ngā raraunga mai i te kaituku. Hei whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga me tuku e te kaituku, ka tautuhia e te TCP tētahi ariā e kiia nei ko te matapihi whakakīkī. Ka whakarerekētia e te pūnaha whakahaere whakakīkī te rahi o te matapihi whakakīkī kia rite ki te nui o te whakakīkī o te whatunga, kia taea ai te whakahaere i te nui o ngā raraunga e tukuna ana e te kaituku.
He aha te matapihi pupū? He aha te pānga o tēnei ki te matapihi tuku?
Ko te Matapihi Pūngao he taurangi āhua e puritia ana e te kaituku e whakatau ana i te nui o ngā raraunga ka taea e te kaituku te tuku. Ka huri haere te matapihi pūngao i runga i te taumata pūngao o te whatunga.
Ko te Matapihi Tuku he rahi matapihi kua whakaaetia i waenganui i te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi e tohu ana i te nui o ngā raraunga ka taea e te kaiwhiwhi te whiwhi. He hononga te matapihi whakakī me te matapihi tuku; ko te matapihi tuku he rite tonu ki te iti rawa o ngā Matapihi whakakī me te whiwhi, arā, swnd = min(cwnd, rwnd).
Ka huri te matapihi whakakī penei:
Mena kāore he pupūtanga i roto i te whatunga, arā, kāore he wā mutu tuku anō e puta, ka nui ake te matapihi pupūtanga.
Mena he pupūtanga kei roto i te whatunga, ka heke te matapihi pupūtanga.
Mā te kaituku e whakatau mēnā kei te kikī te whatunga mā te tirotiro mēnā kua tae mai te kete whakamihi ACK i roto i te wā kua whakaritea. Mēnā kāore te kaituku e whiwhi i te kete whakamihi ACK i roto i te wā kua whakaritea, ka kiia kua kikī te whatunga.
Haunga te matapihi whakakīkī, kua tae ki te wā ki te matapaki i te raupaparorohiko whakahaere whakakīkī TCP. E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te raupaparorohiko whakahaere whakakīkī TCP:
Tīmatanga Pōturi:I te tīmatanga, he iti noa te matapihi whakakīkī cwnd, ā, ka whakanuia rawatia e te kaituku te matapihi whakakīkī kia tere ai te urutau ki te kaha o te whatunga.
Te karo i te whakakīkī:Kia hipa ake te matapihi pupū i tētahi paepae, ka whakanuia e te kaituku te matapihi pupū i runga i te āhua rārangi hei whakaroa i te tere tipu o te matapihi pupū me te karo i te taumaha rawa o te whatunga.
Whakaora Tere:Mena ka puta he pupūtanga, ka hauruatia e te kaituku te matapihi pupūtanga ka tomo ki te āhua whakaora tere hei whakatau i te tauwāhi o te whakaora whatunga mā roto i ngā acks tāruarua kua whiwhihia, kātahi ka haere tonu ki te whakanui ake i te matapihi pupūtanga.
Tīmatanga Pōturi
Ina whakatūria he hononga TCP, ka whakatakotoria tuatahitia te cwnd matapihi whakakī ki te uara MSS iti rawa (rahi wāhanga mōrahi). Mā tēnei, ko te tere tuku tuatahi he tata ki te MSS/RTT paita/hēkona. Ko te whānui o te whānui e wātea ana he nui ake i te MSS/RTT, nō reira e hiahia ana te TCP ki te kimi i te tere tuku tino pai, ka taea te whakatutuki mā te tīmatanga puhoi.
I roto i te tukanga tīmatanga puhoi, ka tīmatahia te uara o te cwnd matapihi whakakī ki te 1 MSS, ā, i ia wā ka whakaaetia te wāhanga mōkihi kua tukuna, ka piki ake te uara o te cwnd mā te kotahi MSS, arā, ka huri te uara o te cwnd ki te 2 MSS. Whai muri i tēnā, ka takiruahia te uara o te cwnd mō ia tuku angitu o tētahi wāhanga mōkihi, ā, pērā tonu. Kei te whakaatuhia te tukanga tipu motuhake i te pikitia e whai ake nei.
Heoi, kāore e taea te piki tonu te tere tuku; me mutu te tipu i tētahi wā. Nō reira, āhea ka mutu te pikinga o te tere tuku? Ko te tīmatanga puhoi te tikanga ka mutu te pikinga o te tere tuku i tētahi o ngā huarahi maha:
Ko te huarahi tuatahi ko te ngaronga o te mōkihi i te wā e tukuna ana te tīmatanga puhoi. Ina puta he ngaronga mōkihi, ka whakatakotohia e te TCP te matapihi cwnd o te kaituku ki te 1, ā, ka tīmata anō te tukanga tīmatanga puhoi. I tēnei wā, ka whakaurua he ariā o te paepae tīmatanga puhoi ssthresh, ko tōna uara tīmatanga he haurua o te uara o te cwnd e whakaputa ana i te ngaronga mōkihi. Arā, ina kitea he raruraru, ko te uara o te ssthresh he haurua o te uara matapihi.
Ko te huarahi tuarua ko te hono tika ki te uara o te paepae tīmatanga-pōturi ssthresh. Nā te mea ko te uara o te ssthresh he haurua o te uara matapihi ina kitea he pupū, ka puta pea te ngaronga o te mōkihi i ia takirua ina nui ake te cwnd i te ssthresh. Nō reira, he pai ake te whakatakoto i te cwnd ki te ssthresh, ka huri te TCP ki te aratau whakahaere pupū me te tīmatanga-pōturi mutunga.
Ko te huarahi whakamutunga e mutu ai te tīmatanga puhoi ko te mea mēnā ka kitea he toru ngā acks tāpiri, ka tere te tuku anō a TCP, ā, ka uru ki te āhua whakaora. (Mēnā kāore i te mārama he aha i toru ai ngā mōkihi ACK, ka whakamāramahia motuhaketia i roto i te tikanga tuku anō.)
Te Ārai i te Pūngāwerewere
Ina uru te TCP ki te āhua whakahaere i te whakakīkī, ka whakatakotoria te cwnd ki te haurua o te paepae whakakīkī ssthresh. Ko te tikanga tēnei kāore e taea te whakaneke rua i te uara o te cwnd i ia wā ka whiwhihia he wāhanga mōkihi. Engari, ka whakamahia he huarahi ātaahua, arā, ka whakanuia te uara o te cwnd mā te kotahi MSS anake (te roa mōrahi o te wāhanga mōkihi) i muri i ia tukunga. Hei tauira, ahakoa ka whakaaetia ngā wāhanga mōkihi 10, ka piki noa te uara o te cwnd mā te kotahi MSS. He tauira tipu rārangi tēnei, ā, he rohe whakarunga anō hoki tōna mō te tipu. Ina puta te ngaronga mōkihi, ka hurihia te uara o te cwnd ki te MSS, ā, ka whakatakotoria te uara o te ssthresh ki te haurua o te cwnd. Ka mutu rānei te tipu o te MSS ina whiwhihia ngā urupare ACK tāpiri e 3. Mena ka whiwhi tonuhia ngā ack tāpiri e toru i muri i te haurua o te uara o te cwnd, ka tuhia te uara o te ssthresh hei haurua o te uara o te cwnd, ā, ka whakaurua te āhua whakaora tere.
Whakaora Tere
I te āhua Whakaora Tere, ka whakanuia te uara o te matapihi whakakīkī mā te kotahi MSS mō ia ACK tāpiri kua whiwhihia, arā, ko te ACK kāore i tae mai i te raupapa. Ko te tikanga tēnei hei whakamahi i ngā wāhanga mōkihi kua tukuna angitu i roto i te whatunga hei whakapai ake i te pai o te tuku.
Ina tae mai he ACK o te wāhanga mōkihi ngaro, ka whakaitihia e te TCP te uara o te cwnd, kātahi ka uru ki te āhua ārai i te pupūnga. Hei whakahaere i te rahi o te matapihi pupūnga, me te karo i te whakanui ake i te pupūnga whatunga.
Mena ka puta he wā mutu i muri i te āhua whakahaere i te pupūtanga, ka nui haere te kino o te āhua whatunga, ā, ka neke te TCP mai i te āhua karo pupūtanga ki te āhua tīmatanga puhoi. I tēnei wā, ka whakatakotoria te uara o te matapihi pupūtanga cwnd ki te 1 MSS, ko te roa mōrahi o te wāhanga mōkihi, ā, ka whakatakotoria te uara o te paepae tīmatanga puhoi ssthresh ki te haurua o te cwnd. Ko te kaupapa o tēnei he whakanui haere i te rahi o te matapihi pupūtanga i muri i te whakaoranga o te whatunga hei whakataurite i te tere tuku me te nui o te pupūtanga whatunga.
Whakarāpopototanga
Hei kawa kawe pono, ka whakatinanahia e te TCP te kawe pono mā te tau raupapa, te whakaae, te whakahaere tuku anō, te whakahaere hononga me te whakahaere matapihi. I roto i ēnei, ko te tikanga whakahaere rere e whakahaere ana i te nui o ngā raraunga e tukuna ana e te kaituku i runga i te kaha tuturu o te kaiwhiwhi, e karo ana i ngā raruraru o te pupū whatunga me te hekenga o te mahi. Ka karohia e te tikanga whakahaere pupū te puta o te pupū whatunga mā te whakarerekē i te nui o ngā raraunga e tukuna ana e te kaituku. He hononga ngā ariā o te matapihi pupū me te matapihi tuku tetahi ki tetahi, ā, ko te nui o ngā raraunga i te kaituku ka whakahaeretia mā te whakarerekē hihiri i te rahi o te matapihi pupū. Ko te tīmatanga puhoi, te karo i te pupū me te whakaora tere ko ngā wāhanga matua e toru o te raupapatanga whakahaere pupū TCP, e whakarerekē ana i te rahi o te matapihi pupū mā roto i ngā rautaki rerekē hei urutau ki te kaha me te nui o te pupū o te whatunga.
I te wāhanga e whai ake nei, ka tirohia e tātou te tikanga tuku anō a te TCP. He wāhanga nui te tikanga tuku anō o te TCP hei whakatutuki i te tuku pono. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia pono te tuku raraunga mā te tuku anō i ngā raraunga ngaro, kua pakaru, kua whakaroa rānei. Ka whakaaturia, ka tātarihia hoki te mātāpono whakatinanatanga me te rautaki o te tikanga tuku anō i te wāhanga e whai ake nei. Kia mataara mai!
Wā tuku: 24-Pepuere-2025
