Whakaarohia te whakatuwhera i tētahi īmēra āhua noa, ā, i te wā i muri mai, kua takoto kau tō pūkete putea. Kei te tirotiro rānei koe i te tukutuku ka raka tō mata, ka puta mai he karere utu. Ehara ēnei whakaaturanga i ngā kiriata pūtaiao pakiwaitara, engari he tauira tūturu o ngā whakaeke ipurangi. I tēnei wā o te Ipurangi o ngā mea katoa, ehara te Ipurangi i te piriti watea anake, engari he wāhi rapu hoki mō ngā kaipahua. Mai i te tūmataitinga whaiaro ki ngā mea ngaro a te kamupene ki te haumarutanga ā-motu, kei ngā wāhi katoa ngā Whakaeke ipurangi, ā, he whakamataku tō rātou mana tinihanga me te whakangaro. He aha ngā whakaeke e whakawehi ana i a tātou? Me pēhea tā rātou mahi, ā, me aha me mahi? Me titiro tātou ki ngā whakaeke ipurangi e waru e tino kitea ana, e kawe ana i a koe ki tētahi ao e mōhiotia ana, e kore hoki e mōhiotia.
Pūmanawa Kino
1. He aha te Pūmanawa Kino? He pūmanawa kino te pūmanawa kino i hangaia hei whakakino, hei tahae, hei whakahaere rānei i te pūnaha a te kaiwhakamahi. Ka uru puku atu ki roto i ngā taputapu a te kaiwhakamahi mā roto i ngā ara ngaro pēnei i ngā tāpiri īmēra, ngā whakahōu pūmanawa huna, ngā tango paetukutuku ture kore rānei. Kia rere, ka taea e te pūmanawa kino te tahae i ngā mōhiohio tairongo, te whakamuna raraunga, te muku i ngā kōnae, te huri rānei i te taputapu hei "pāpa" a te kaiwhakaeke.
2. Ngā momo pūmanawa kino noa
Huaketo:Ka piri ki ngā kaupapa tika, whai muri i te whakahaere, te tārua-ā-koe, te pangia o ētahi atu kōnae, ka hua ake te hekenga o te mahi pūnaha, te ngaronga raraunga rānei.
Kutukutu:Ka taea e ia te horapa motuhake me te kore he kaupapa manaaki. He mea noa te horapa i a ia anō mā roto i ngā ngoikoretanga whatunga me te whakapau i ngā rauemi whatunga. Torotiana: E whakaahua ana he pūmanawa tika hei akiaki i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te tāuta i tētahi kuaha o muri ka taea te whakahaere mamao i ngā taputapu, te tahae raraunga rānei.
Pūmanawa Tūtei:Te aroturuki puku i ngā whanonga a te kaiwhakamahi, te tuhi i ngā pēhitanga kī, te hītori tirotiro rānei, e whakamahia ana hei tahae i ngā kupuhipa me ngā mōhiohio pūkete putea.
Pūmanawa Tukutuku:Kua tino horapa haere te raka i tētahi pūrere, i ngā raraunga whakamunatia rānei mō te utu hei iriti i taua pūrere i ngā tau tata nei.
3. Te Whakatō me te Whakararu I te nuinga o te wā ka horapa te pūmanawa kino mā roto i ngā pāpāho ā-tinana pērā i ngā īmēra hītinihanga, te mahi kino ki te ipurangi, ngā kī USB rānei. Ko ngā kino ka uru atu ki te turuturu raraunga, te rahunga pūnaha, te ngaronga pūtea, tae noa ki te ngaronga o te ingoa pai o te kamupene. Hei tauira, ko te pūmanawa kino Emotet o te tau 2020 i huri hei moemoeā haumarutanga pakihi mā te pangia e te miriona o ngā taputapu puta noa i te ao mā roto i ngā tuhinga Office huna.
4. Ngā rautaki ārai
• Tāutahia, ā, whakahōuhia i ia wā te pūmanawa ārai-huaketo hei matawai i ngā kōnae whakapae.
• Kaua e pāwhiri i ngā hononga kāore i te mōhiotia, e tango rānei i ngā pūmanawa mai i ngā pūtake kāore i te mōhiotia.
• Tāruatia ngā raraunga nui i ia wā, i ia wā, hei ārai i ngā mate kino e puta mai ana i te ransomware.
• Whakahohehia ngā pareā ahi hei aukati i te urunga whatunga kore whakamanatanga.
Pūmanawa Tukutuku
1. Te Mahi a te Ransomware He momo pūmanawa kino motuhake te Ransomware e raka ana i te pūrere a te kaiwhakamahi, e whakamuna ana rānei i ngā raraunga nui (hei tauira, ngā tuhinga, ngā pātengi raraunga, te waehere pūtake) kia kore ai e taea e te patunga te uru atu. I te nuinga o te wā ka tono utu ngā kaiwhakaeke i roto i ngā moni matihiko uaua ki te whai pērā i te bitcoin, ā, ka whakawehi ki te whakangaro tūturu i ngā raraunga mēnā kāore te utu e utua.
2. Ngā Take Noa
I ohorere te ao i te whakaekenga a te Colonial Pipeline i te tau 2021. Nā te DarkSide ransomware i whakamuna te pūnaha whakahaere o te paipa wahie nui i te Tai Rāwhiti o te Hononga o Amerika, ā, i mutu ai te tuku wahie, ā, i tono ngā kaiwhakaeke kia utua he utu $4.4 miriona. Nā tēnei mahi i whakaatu te ngoikore o ngā hanganga nui ki te ransomware.
3. He aha te take i tino whakamate ai te pūmanawa utu?
Te huna nui: Ka horapa te pūmanawa kino mā te hangarau pāpori (hei tauira, te whakaahua i a rātou anō he īmēra pono), ā, ka uaua ki te kitea e ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Te horapa tere: Mā te whakamahi i ngā ngoikoretanga whatunga, ka taea e te ransomware te pangia wawetia ngā taputapu maha i roto i tētahi hinonga.
Whakaora uaua: Ki te kore he tārua tika, ko te utu i te utu pea te huarahi anake, engari kāore pea e taea te whakaora i ngā raraunga i muri i te utunga i te utu.
4. Ngā Mahi Ārai
• Tāruahia ngā raraunga tuimotu i ia wā kia taea ai te whakaora wawe i ngā raraunga nui.
• I whakatinanahia te pūnaha Kite me te Urupare Pūtake Mutunga (EDR) hei aroturuki i ngā whanonga rerekē i te wā tonu.
• Whakangunguhia ngā kaimahi ki te tautuhi i ngā īmēra hītinihanga kia kore ai e huri hei ara whakaeke.
• Te whakatika i ngā ngoikoretanga o te pūnaha me te pūmanawa i te wā tika hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te urutomo.
Hītinihanga
1. Te Āhua o te Hītinihanga
Ko te hītinihanga raraunga he momo whakaeke hangarau pāpori e akiaki ana te kaiwhakaeke, e whakaari ana he hinonga pono (pēnei i te peeke, i te tūāpapa hokohoko īpurangi, i te hoa mahi rānei), i te patunga kia whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio tairongo (pēnei i te kupuhipa, i ngā tau kāri nama) mā te īmēra, te karere kuputuhi, te karere inamata rānei.
2. Ngā Āhua Noa
• Hītinihanga īmēra: Ngā īmēra rūpahu whaimana hei kukume i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te takiuru ki ngā paetukutuku rūpahu me te whakauru i ō rātou taipitopito tuakiri.
Te Hītinihanga Tao: He whakaeke kua whakaritea kia aro atu ki tētahi tangata, ki tētahi rōpū rānei he nui ake te angitu.
• Smishing: Te tuku whakamōhiotanga rūpahu mā roto i ngā karere kuputuhi hei kukume i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te pāwhiri i ngā hononga kino.
• Vishing: te whakaari i a koe he mana whakahaere mā te waea hei tiki i ngā mōhiohio tairongo.
3. Ngā Tūponotanga me ngā Pānga
He iti te utu, he ngāwari hoki te whakatinana i ngā whakaekenga hītinihanga, engari ka nui ngā mate ka pā mai. I te tau 2022, ko ngā mate pūtea o te ao nā ngā whakaekenga hītinihanga i eke ki te piriona tāra, tae atu ki ngā pūkete whaiaro i tahaetia, ngā pakaru raraunga kamupene, me ētahi atu.
4. Ngā Rautaki Whakatutuki i te Āhua o te Mate
• Tirohia anō te wāhitau o te kaituku mō ngā hapa tā, ngā ingoa rohe rerekē rānei.
• Whakahohehia te manatoko maha-tauwehe (MFA) hei whakaiti i te mōrearea ahakoa ka takahia ngā kupuhipa.
• Whakamahia ngā taputapu ārai-hītinihanga hei tātari i ngā īmēra me ngā hononga kino.
• Whakahaerehia he whakangungu mō te mōhiotanga ki te haumarutanga i ia wā, i ia wā, hei whakapakari i te mataara o ngā kaimahi.
Te Riri Tūmau Matatau (APT)
1. Te Whakamāramatanga o te APT
Ko te tūmomo riri pūmau matatau (APT) he whakaeke ipurangi uaua, roa hoki, e mahia ana e ngā rōpū kaipahua taumata-ā-rohe, e ngā rōpū taihara rānei. He whāinga mārama tō te whakaeke APT, ā, he nui te whakaritenga. Ka kuhu mai ngā kaiwhakaeke mā roto i ngā wāhanga maha, ā, ka noho puku mō te wā roa ki te tahae i ngā raraunga muna, ki te kino rānei i te pūnaha.
2. Rere Whakaeke
Te urunga tuatahi:Te urunga mai mā roto i ngā īmēra hītinihanga, ngā mahi tinihanga, ngā whakaeke mekameka tuku rānei.
Whakatūria he turanga:Whakauruhia ngā tatau o muri hei pupuri i te urunga mō te wā roa.
Te Nekehanga Taha:horapa ki roto i te whatunga ūnga kia whiwhi ai i te mana teitei ake.
Tahae Raraunga:Te tango i ngā mōhiohio tairongo pēnei i te taonga hinengaro, i ngā tuhinga rautaki rānei.
Taupokina te Ara:Mukua te rangitaki hei huna i te whakaeke.
3. Ngā Take Noa
Ko te whakaekenga a SolarWinds i te tau 2020 he aituā APT rongonui i reira i whakatōkia ai e ngā kaipahua he waehere kino mā roto i te whakaeke mekameka tuku, i pā ki ngā mano tini o ngā pakihi me ngā tari kāwanatanga huri noa i te ao, me te tahae i te nui o ngā raraunga tairongo.
4. Ngā Pūwāhi Ārai
• Whakatūria he pūnaha kite urutomo (IDS) hei aroturuki i ngā waka whatunga rerekē.
• Whakaūtia te mātāpono o te mana iti rawa hei whakawhāiti i te nekehanga taha o ngā kaiwhakaeke.
• Whakahaerehia ngā arotake haumarutanga auau hei kimi i ngā kuaha o muri pea.
• Mahi tahi me ngā tūāpapa mōhiohio mō ngā tūmomo mōrearea hei hopu i ngā au whakaeke hou.
Te Tangata i Waenganui Whakaeke (MITM)
1. Me pēhea te mahi a ngā whakaeke "Man-in-the-middle"?
Ko te whakaeke tangata-i-waenganui (MITM) he whakaeke ina whakauru, ka ārai, ka whakahaere hoki te kaiwhakaeke i ngā tuku raraunga i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua e whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ana me te kore e mōhiotia e rātou. Tērā pea ka tahaetia e te kaiwhakaeke ngā mōhiohio tairongo, ka whakarerekē i ngā raraunga, ka whakataruna rānei i tētahi rōpū mō te tinihanga.
2. Ngā Āhua Noa
• Te tinihanga i te Wi-Fi: Ka hangaia e ngā kaiwhakaeke he wāhi wera Wi-Fi rūpahu hei akiaki i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te hono atu me te tahae raraunga.
Te tinihanga DNS: te whakarerekē i ngā patai DNS hei arahi i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki ngā paetukutuku kino.
• Te tahae SSL: Te hanga tito tiwhikete SSL hei aukati i ngā waka kua whakamunatia.
• Te tahae īmēra: Te hopu me te whakarerekē i ngā ihirangi īmēra.
3. Ngā Tūponotanga
He tūmomo mōrearea nui ngā whakaekenga MITM ki ngā pūnaha peeke ipurangi, hokohoko īpurangi, me ngā pūnaha mahi waea, ka arahi pea tēnei ki te tahaetia o ngā pūkete, ngā whakawhitiwhitinga whakarerekētia, te whakaatu rānei i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga tairongo.
4. Ngā Mahi Ārai
• Whakamahia ngā paetukutuku HTTPS hei whakarite kia whakamunatia ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
• Kaua e hono atu ki te Ipurangi tūmatanui, kaua hoki e whakamahi i ngā VPNS hei whakamuna i ngā raraunga.
• Whakahohehia he ratonga whakatau DNS haumaru pēnei i te DNSSEC.
• Tirohia te mana o ngā tiwhikete SSL, kia tūpato hoki ki ngā whakatūpato okotahi.
Werohanga SQL
1. Tikanga o te Werohanga SQL
Ko te werohanga SQL he whakaeke werohanga waehere e whakauru ana te kaiwhakaeke i ngā tauākī SQL kino ki ngā āpure whakauru o tētahi tono Tukutuku (hei tauira, te pouaka takiuru, te pae rapu) hei tinihanga i te pātengi raraunga kia whakahaere i ngā whakahau ture kore, ā, mā reira ka tahaetia, ka whakarerekētia, ka mukua rānei ngā raraunga.
2. Te Kaupapa Whakaeke
Whakaarohia te patai SQL e whai ake nei mō tētahi puka takiuru:
Ka tomo te kaiwhakaeke:
Ka huri te pātai hei:
Ka karohia te manatoko e tēnei, ā, ka taea e te kaiwhakaeke te takiuru.
3. Ngā Tūponotanga
Ka taea e te werohanga SQL te arahi ki te turuturu o ngā ihirangi o te pātengi raraunga, te tahae i ngā tohu kaiwhakamahi, tae noa ki te tango i ngā pūnaha katoa. I honoa te takahi raraunga Equifax i te tau 2017 ki te ngoikoretanga werohanga SQL i pā ki ngā mōhiohio whaiaro o te 147 miriona kaiwhakamahi.
4. Ngā Parenga
• Whakamahia ngā patai kua whakarārangihia ngā tawhā, ngā tauākī kua whakahiatohia i mua rānei, kia kore ai e hono tika te tāuru a te kaiwhakamahi.
• Whakatinanahia te manatoko me te tātari tāuru hei whakakore i ngā pūāhua rerekē.
• Whakawhāitihia ngā whakaaetanga pātengi raraunga hei ārai i ngā kaiwhakaeke mai i te mahi i ngā mahi morearea.
• Matawaihia ngā taupānga Tukutuku i ia wā mō ngā ngoikoretanga, me te whakatika i ngā mōrearea haumarutanga.
Ngā Whakaeke DDoS
1. Te Āhua o ngā Whakaekenga DDoS
Ka tukuna e te whakaekenga Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) he tono nui ki te tūmau ūnga mā te whakahaere i te tini o ngā karetao, ka pau te whānui o te whatunga, ngā rauemi wātū, te mana rorohiko rānei, ā, ka kore e taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi noa te uru atu ki te ratonga.
2. Ngā Momo Noa
• Whakaekenga waka: te tuku i te tini o ngā mōkihi me te aukati i te whānui o te whatunga.
• Ngā whakaekenga kawa: Whakamahia ngā ngoikoretanga kawa TCP/IP hei whakapau i ngā rauemi wātū tūmau.
• Ngā whakaekenga paparanga-taupānga: Ka whakararu i ngā tūmau Tukutuku mā te whakaari i ngā tono a te kaiwhakamahi tika.
3. Ngā Take Noa
I te tau 2016, i whakamahia e te whakaekenga DDoS a Dyn te whatunga karetao Mirai hei turaki i ētahi paetukutuku matua tae atu ki a Twitter me Netflix, e whakaatu ana i ngā mōrearea haumarutanga o ngā taputapu IoT.
4. Ngā Rautaki Whakatutuki i te Āhua o te Mate
• Whakatūria ngā ratonga tiaki DDoS hei tātari i ngā waka kino.
• Whakamahia he whatunga Tukunga Ihirangi (CDN) hei tohatoha i ngā waka.
• Whirihorahia ngā taurite kawenga hei whakanui ake i te kaha tukatuka tūmau.
• Aroturuki i ngā waka whatunga kia kitea ai, kia tere ai hoki te urupare ki ngā hapa.
Ngā Tūraru o Roto
1. Te Whakamāramatanga o te Riri o Roto
Ka ahu mai ngā tūmomo riri o roto i ngā kaiwhakamahi whai mana (hei tauira, ngā kaimahi, ngā kaimahi kirimana) i roto i tētahi whakahaere, ā, ka whakamahia kinotia pea ō rātou mana nā te kino, te mangere, te whakarerekētia rānei e ngā kaiwhakaeke o waho, ka hua ake he turuturu raraunga, he kino rānei ki te pūnaha.
2. Momo Tūkino
• Ngā tāngata kino o roto: Te tahae ā-hinengaro i ngā raraunga, te whakararu rānei i ngā pūnaha hei painga mō rātou.
• Ngā kaimahi mangere: Nā te kore mōhio ki te haumarutanga, ka tūpono te ngoikore ki te mahi hē.
• Ngā pūkete i tahaetia: Ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaiwhakaeke ngā pūkete ā-roto mā te hītinihanga, te tahae rānei i ngā tohu tuakiri.
3. Ngā Tūponotanga
He uaua ki te kite i ngā tūmomo riri o roto, ā, ka taea e rātou te karo i ngā pareārai ahi tuku iho me ngā pūnaha kite urutomo. I te tau 2021, i ngaro i tētahi kamupene hangarau rongonui ngā rau miriona tāra nā te turuturu o te waehere pūtake a tētahi kaimahi o roto.
4. Ngā Mahi Parepare Pakari
• Whakatinanahia te hoahoa kore-whakawhirinakitanga, ā, manatokohia ngā tono urunga katoa.
• Aroturuki i ngā whanonga a te kaiwhakamahi kia kitea ai ngā mahi rerekē.
• Whakahaerehia he whakangungu haumaru auau hei whakarei ake i te mōhiotanga o ngā kaimahi.
• Whakawhāitihia te urunga atu ki ngā raraunga tairongo hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te turuturu.
Wā tuku: Mei-26-2025
