I roto i te hanganga whatunga hou, ko te VLAN (Whatunga Rohe Mariko) me te VXLAN (Whatunga Rohe Whānui Mariko) ngā hangarau mariko whatunga e rua e tino kitea ana. Ahakoa te āhua ōrite, he maha ngā rerekētanga matua.
VLAN (Whatunga Rohe Mariko)
Ko te VLAN he whakarāpopototanga Whatunga Rohe Mariko (whatunga rohe rohe mariko). He tikanga e wehewehe ana i ngā taputapu tinana i roto i te LAN ki ētahi whatunga iti e ai ki ngā whanaungatanga arorau. Ka whirihorahia te VLAN i runga i ngā pana whatunga hei wehewehe i ngā taputapu whatunga ki ngā rōpū arorau rerekē. Ahakoa kei ngā wāhi rerekē ēnei taputapu, ka taea e te VLAN te noho arorau ki te whatunga kotahi, ka taea ai te whakahaere ngāwari me te wehe.
Ko te kaupapa matua o te hangarau VLAN kei roto i te wehewehenga o ngā tauranga whakawhiti. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā whakawhiti te whakawhitiwhiti i runga i te VLAN ID (VLAN identifier). Ko ngā VLAN ID kei waenga i te 1 ki te 4095, ā, he 12 ngā mati rua (arā, te whānuitanga 0 ki te 4095), ko te tikanga ka taea e te whakawhiti te tautoko i te 4,096 VLAN.
Rerenga mahi
○ Tāutuhi VLAN: Ina uru mai tētahi mōkihi ki tētahi pana, ka whakatau te pana ki tēhea VLAN me tuku te mōkihi i runga i ngā mōhiohio VLAN ID i roto i te mōkihi. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te kawa IEEE 802.1Q hei tātai VLAN i te anga raraunga.
○ Rohe Pāho VLAN: He rohe pāho motuhake ia VLAN. Ahakoa he maha ngā VLAN kei runga i te pana tinana kotahi, ka wehea ā rātou pāho tetahi i tetahi, ka whakaiti i te haere o ngā pāho kāore e hiahiatia.
○ Te Tukunga Raraunga: Ka tukuna e te pana te mōkihi raraunga ki te tauranga e rite ana, e ai ki ngā tohu VLAN rerekē. Mena me whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngā pūrere i waenga i ngā VLAN rerekē, me tuku mā roto i ngā pūrere paparanga 3, pērā i ngā pouara.
Me kī, he maha ngā tari o tētahi kamupene, ā, he rerekē te VLAN e whakamahia ana e ia tari. Mā te whakawhiti, ka taea e koe te wehewehe i ngā taputapu katoa o te tari pūtea ki VLAN 10, ko ngā mea o te tari hoko ki VLAN 20, me ngā mea o te tari hangarau ki VLAN 30. Mā tēnei, ka tino wehea te whatunga i waenga i ngā tari.
Ngā Painga
○ Haumarutanga Whakapai Ake: Ka taea e te VLAN te aukati i te urunga kore whakamana i waenga i ngā VLAN rerekē mā te wehewehe i ngā ratonga rerekē ki ngā whatunga rerekē.
○ Te Whakahaere Waka Whatunga: Mā te tohatoha i ngā VLan, ka taea te karo i ngā awha pāho, ā, ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te whatunga. Ka horahia noa ngā mōkihi pāho i roto i te VLAN, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te whānui o te hononga.
○ Ngāwari o te Whatunga: Ka taea e te VLAN te wehewehe i te whatunga kia rite ki ngā hiahia pakihi. Hei tauira, ka taea te tuku i ngā taputapu i roto i te tari pūtea ki te VLAN kotahi ahakoa kei ngā papa rerekē.
Ngā Here
○ Te Āheinga Whakawhānui Iti: I te mea ka whakawhirinaki ngā VLan ki ngā pana tuku iho, ā, ka tautoko i te 4096 VLan, ka noho pea tēnei hei arai mō ngā whatunga nui, ngā taiao mariko nui rānei.
○ Raru Hononga Rohe-ā-Rohe: He whatunga ā-rohe te VLAN, me whakahaere te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whakawhiti-VLAN mā te pana papa-toru, mā te pouara rānei, ka nui ake pea te uaua o te whatunga.
Horopaki Taupānga
○ Te Wehenga me te Haumarutanga i roto i ngā Whatunga Hinonga: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā VLAN i roto i ngā whatunga hinonga, inā koa i roto i ngā whakahaere nui, i ngā taiao whakawhiti-tari rānei. Ka taea te whakarite i te haumarutanga me te mana uru o te whatunga mā te wehewehe i ngā tari rerekē, i ngā pūnaha pakihi rānei mā te VLAN. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka noho te tari pūtea i roto i tētahi VLAN rerekē mai i te tari R&D hei karo i te urunga kore whakamana.
○ Whakaitihia te Āwhā Pāho: Ka āwhina te VLAN ki te whakawhāiti i te haere o ngā pāho. I te nuinga o te wā, ka horahia ngā mōkihi pāho puta noa i te whatunga, engari i roto i te taiao VLAN, ka horahia noa te haere o ngā pāho i roto i te VLAN, ka whakaitihia ai te taumahatanga whatunga i puta mai i te āwhā pāho.
○ Whatunga Rohe Iti, Waenga rānei: Mō ētahi umanga iti me te rahi, ka whakaratohia e te VLAN he huarahi māmā me te whai hua ki te hanga i tētahi whatunga motuhake arorau, kia ngāwari ake ai te whakahaere whatunga.
VXLAN (Whatunga Rohe Whānui Mariko)
Ko te VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) he hangarau hou kua whakaarohia hei whakaoti i ngā herenga o te VLAN tuku iho i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga nui me te taiao mariko. Ka whakamahia e ia te hangarau whakakī hei whakawhiti i ngā mōkihi raraunga paparanga 2 (L2) mā roto i te whatunga Paparanga 3 (L3) o nāianei, e pakaru ana i te herenga tauine o te VLAN.
Mā te hangarau whakararo me te tikanga whakakī, ka "takai" a VXLAN i ngā mōkihi raraunga paparanga 2 taketake ki roto i ngā mōkihi raraunga IP paparanga 3, kia taea ai te tuku i ngā mōkihi raraunga i roto i te whatunga IP o nāianei. Ko te kaupapa matua o VXLAN kei roto i tana tikanga whakakī me te wete i te whakakī, arā, ko te anga raraunga L2 tuku iho ka whakakīia e te kawa UDP ka tukuna mā te whatunga IP.
Rerenga mahi
○ Te Whakakapinga o te Pane VXLAN: I te whakatinanatanga o te VXLAN, ka whakakapinga ia mōkihi paparanga 2 hei mōkihi UDP. Kei roto i te whakakapinga o te VXLAN: te tohu whatunga VXLAN (VNI), te pane UDP, te pane IP me ētahi atu mōhiohio.
○ Teihana Tūhono (VTEP): Ka whakamahia e VXLAN te hangarau tūhono, ā, ka whakakōpiritia, ka wetekina hoki ngā mōkihi mā roto i tētahi takirua taputapu VTEP. Ko te VTEP, VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint, te piriti e hono ana i a VLAN me VXLAN. Ka whakakōpiritia e te VTEP ngā mōkihi L2 kua riro mai hei mōkihi VXLAN, ā, ka tukuna atu ki te VTEP ūnga, ka wetekina e ia ngā mōkihi kua whakakōpiritia ki roto i ngā mōkihi L2 taketake.
○ Tukanga Whakakapinga o VXLAN: Whai muri i te tāpiri i te pane VXLAN ki te kete raraunga taketake, ka tukuna te kete raraunga ki te VTEP ūnga mā te whatunga IP. Ka wetewetehia te kete e te VTEP ūnga, ka tukuna atu ki te kaiwhiwhi tika i runga i ngā mōhiohio VNI.
Ngā Painga
○ Ka taea te Tauine: Ka tautoko a VXLAN i te 16 miriona Whatunga mariko (VNI), he nui ake i ngā tohu tautuhi 4096 a VLAN, he mea tino pai mō ngā pokapū raraunga nui me ngā taiao kapua.
○ Tautoko Pokapū Raraunga Whakawhiti: Ka taea e VXLAN te whakawhānui i te whatunga mariko i waenga i ngā pokapū raraunga maha i ngā wāhi matawhenua rerekē, ka pakaru i ngā herenga o te VLAN tuku iho, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā taiao rorohiko kapua me te mariko hou.
○ Whakangāwari i te Whatunga Pokapū Raraunga: Mā te VXLAN, ka taea te whakamahi tahi i ngā taputapu pūmārō mai i ngā kaihanga rerekē, te tautoko i ngā taiao maha-kainoho, me te whakangāwari i te hoahoa whatunga o ngā pokapū raraunga nui.
Ngā Here
○ Te Uauatanga Tino: He tino uaua te whirihoranga o VXLAN, e uru ana ki te whakakōpiritanga o te kauhanga, te whirihoranga VTEP, me ētahi atu, e hiahia ana ki te tautoko hangarau tāpiri, ā, ka whakapiki ake i te uauatanga o te whakahaere me te tiaki.
○ Te Whakaroa Whatunga: Nā te tukatuka tāpiri e hiahiatia ana e te tukanga whakakōpiri me te wetekōpiri, ka puta pea i te VXLAN ētahi whakaroa whatunga, ahakoa he iti noa iho tēnei whakaroa, engari me mōhio tonu i roto i ngā taiao mahi-teitei.
Horopaki Taupānga VXLAN
○ Te Marikotanga Whatunga Pokapū Raraunga: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o VXLAN i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga nui. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e ngā tūmau i roto i te pokapū raraunga te hangarau marikotanga, ka taea e VXLAN te āwhina ki te waihanga i tētahi whatunga mariko i waenga i ngā tūmau tinana rerekē, me te karo i te herenga o te VLAN i roto i te tauine.
○ Taiao Kapua Maha-Kairihi: I roto i te kapua tūmatanui, tūmataiti rānei, ka taea e VXLAN te whakarato i tētahi whatunga mariko motuhake mō ia kairihi me te tautuhi i te whatunga mariko o ia kairihi mā te VNI. He tino pai tēnei āhuatanga o VXLAN mō te rorohiko kapua hou me ngā taiao maha-kairihi.
○ Te Whakawhanui Whatunga puta noa i ngā Pokapū Raraunga: He tino pai a VXLAN mō ngā horopaki e hiahiatia ana te whakatinana i ngā whatunga mariko puta noa i ngā pokapū raraunga maha, i ngā rohe whenua rānei. Nā te mea ka whakamahia e VXLAN ngā whatunga IP hei whakakōpaki, ka taea e ia te horapa ngāwari i ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā wāhi whenua rerekē kia tutuki ai te whakawhānui whatunga mariko i runga i te tauine ao.
VLAN me VxLAN
He hangarau mariko whatunga te VLAN me te VXLAN, engari he pai mō ngā horopaki tono rerekē. He pai te VLAN mō te taiao whatunga iti, waenga rānei, ā, ka taea e ia te whakarato i te wehenga me te haumarutanga whatunga taketake. Ko tōna kaha kei roto i tōna māmā, te ngāwari o te whirihoranga, me te tautoko whānui.
He hangarau a VXLAN i hangaia hei whakatutuki i te hiahia mō te whakawhānui whatunga nui i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga hou me ngā taiao rorohiko kapua. Ko te kaha o VXLAN kei roto i tōna kaha ki te tautoko i ngā miriona whatunga mariko, e pai ai mō te whakatinana i ngā whatunga mariko puta noa i ngā pokapū raraunga. Ka pakaruhia e ia ngā herenga o te VLAN i roto i te tauine, ā, he pai mō te hoahoa whatunga uaua ake.
Ahakoa te āhua nei he kawa toronga o te VLAN te ingoa o VXLAN, he rerekē rawa atu a VXLAN i te VLAN nā tōna kaha ki te hanga kauhanga mariko. Ko ngā rerekētanga matua i waenganui i a rāua ko ēnei e whai ake nei:
Āhuatanga | VLAN | VXLAN |
|---|---|---|
| Paerewa | IEEE 802.1Q | RFC 7348 (IETF) |
| Paparanga | Papa 2 (Hononga Raraunga) | Papa 2 i runga i te Papa 3 (L2oL3) |
| Te whakakāpōtanga | Pane pane Ethernet 802.1Q | MAC-i-roto-UDP (kua whakakīia ki roto i te IP) |
| Rahi ID | 12-moka (0-4095 VLAN) | 24-moka (16.7 miriona VNI) |
| Te Whakawhanuitanga | He iti (4094 VLAN ka taea te whakamahi) | Ka taea te whakawhanui ake (e tautoko ana i ngā kapua maha-kainoho) |
| Te Whakahaere Pāho | Te waipuke tuku iho (i roto i te VLAN) | Ka whakamahi i te IP multicast, i te head-end tāruarua rānei |
| I runga ake | Iti (tohu VLAN 4-paita) | Teitei (~50 paita: UDP + IP + pane VXLAN) |
| Wehenga Waka | Āe (mō ia VLAN) | Āe (mō ia VNI) |
| Te keri i ngā rua | Kāore he poka keri (papatahi L2) | E whakamahi ana i ngā VTEP (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints) |
| Ngā Take Whakamahi | Ngā whatunga LAN iti/waenga, ngā whatunga hinonga | Ngā pokapū raraunga kapua, SDN, VMware NSX, Cisco ACI |
| Te Whakawhirinakitanga ki te Rākau Whānui (STP) | Āe (hei ārai i ngā takahurihuri) | Kāo (e whakamahi ana i te ara Papa 3, e karo ana i ngā take STP) |
| Tautoko Pūmārō | E tautokona ana i ngā pana katoa | Me whai pana/NIC e āhei ana ki te VXLAN (ngā pūmanawa VTEP rānei) |
| Tautoko Nekehanga | He iti (i roto i te rohe L2 kotahi) | Pai ake (ka taea e ngā VM te neke puta noa i ngā whatunga iti) |
He aha ngā mahi a te Mylinking™ Network Packet Broker mō te Hangarau Mariko Whatunga?
VLAN kua tohua, VLAN kāore i tohua, VLAN kua whakakapia:
I tautokona te taurite o tētahi āpure matua i roto i ngā paita 128 tuatahi o tētahi mōkihi. Ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te whakarite i te uara taupatupatu me te roa me te ihirangi o ngā āpure matua, me te whakatau i te kaupapa here putanga waka e ai ki te whirihoranga a te kaiwhakamahi.
Te Wetewete i te Ārai o te Kauhanga:
I tautokona te pane VxLAN, VLAN, GRE, GTP, MPLS, IPIP i tangohia mai i roto i te kete raraunga taketake, ā, i tukuna atu te putanga.
Te Tautuhi i te Kawa Whakatakoto Pūnaha
Ka tautokona te tautuhi aunoa i ngā kawa whakararo maha pērā i te GTP / GRE / PPTP / L2TP / PPPOE/IPIP. E ai ki te whirihoranga a te kaiwhakamahi, ka taea te whakatinana i te rautaki putanga waka e ai ki te paparanga o roto, o waho rānei o te kauhanga.
Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i konei mō ētahi atu kōrero e pā ana ki ngā mea e pā anaKaihokohoko Mōkihi Whatunga.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-25-2025
