Ko te katoa o te ao e pā ana ki te hangarau mōhiohio me te kupu whakakapi mō te OT, me mōhio ake tātou ki te IT, engari tera pea kāore e mōhiotia whānuitia te OT, nō reira i tēnei rā ka tohaina atu ki a koutou ētahi o ngā ariā matua o te IT me te OT.
He aha te Hangarau Whakahaere (OT)?
Ko te hangarau whakahaere (OT) he whakamahinga o ngā taputapu me ngā pūmanawa hei aroturuki me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga ā-tinana, ngā taputapu, me ngā hanganga. Kei te kitea ngā pūnaha hangarau whakahaere puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā rāngai e nui ana ngā rawa. He whānuitanga ngā mahi e mahia ana e rātou, mai i te aroturuki i ngā hanganga matua (CI) ki te whakahaere i ngā karetao i runga i te papa hanga.
E whakamahia ana te OT i roto i ngā momo ahumahi tae atu ki te hanga, te hinu me te hau, te whakaputa me te tohatoha hiko, te rererangi, te moana, te rerewē, me ngā ratonga.
Ko te IT (Hangarau Mōhiohio) me te OT (Hangarau Whakahaere) he kupu e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ao ahumahi, e tohu ana i te hangarau mōhiohio me te hangarau whakahaere, ā, he rerekētanga me ngā hononga kei waenganui i a rāua.
Ko te Hangarau Mōhiohio (Hangarau Mōhiohio) e pā ana ki te hangarau e pā ana ki ngā taputapu rorohiko, ngā pūmanawa, te whatunga me te whakahaere raraunga, e whakamahia ana hei tukatuka me te whakahaere i ngā mōhiohio taumata-hinonga me ngā tukanga pakihi. Ko te arotahi matua o te Hangarau Mōhiohio ko te tukatuka raraunga, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatunga, te whakawhanake pūmanawa me te whakahaere me te tiaki i ngā hinonga, pērā i ngā pūnaha aunoatanga tari ā-roto, ngā pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga, ngā taputapu whatunga, me ētahi atu.
Ko te Hangarau Whakahaere (OT) e pā ana ki te hangarau e pā ana ki ngā mahi ā-tinana tūturu, e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i ngā taputapu parae, ngā tukanga whakaputa ahumahi, me ngā pūnaha haumarutanga. E arotahi ana te OT ki ngā āhuatanga o te whakahaere aunoatanga, te aroturuki i te pūoko, te kohikohi raraunga me te tukatuka i ngā raina whakaputa wheketere i te wā tūturu, pērā i ngā pūnaha whakahaere whakaputa (SCADA), ngā pūoko me ngā kaiwhakaoho, me ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahumahi.
Ko te hononga i waenga i te hangarau mōhiohio me te pūnaha whakahaere, ko te hangarau me ngā ratonga o te hangarau mōhiohio ka taea te tautoko me te arotau i te pūnaha whakahaere, pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā whatunga rorohiko me ngā pūnaha pūmanawa hei whakatutuki i te aroturukitanga mamao me te whakahaere i ngā taputapu ahumahi; I te wa ano, ka taea hoki e ngā raraunga wā-tūturu me te tūnga whakaputa o te pūnaha whakahaere te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio nui mō ngā whakataunga pakihi a te hangarau mōhiohio me te tātari raraunga.
He mea nui anō hoki te whakaurunga o te hangarau mōhiohio me te hangarau whakahaere i roto i te ao ahumahi o nāianei. Mā te whakaurunga o te hangarau me ngā raraunga o te hangarau mōhiohio me te hangarau whakahaere i roto i te ao ahumahi, ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakahaere whakaputa me te whakahaere mahi ahumahi whai hua me te mohio. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā wheketere me ngā umanga te aro atu ki ngā huringa tono mākete, te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te kounga o te whakaputa, me te whakaiti i ngā utu me ngā mōrearea.
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He aha te Haumarutanga OT?
Ko te haumarutanga OT e tautuhia ana ko ngā mahi me ngā hangarau e whakamahia ana hei:
(a) Te tiaki i ngā tāngata, ngā rawa, me ngā mōhiohio,
(b) Te aro turuki me te whakahaere rānei i ngā taputapu ā-tinana, ngā tukanga me ngā kaupapa, me
(c) Tīmatahia ngā huringa āhua ki ngā pūnaha ratonga whakahaere umanga.
Kei roto i ngā otinga haumarutanga OT te whānuitanga o ngā hangarau haumarutanga mai i ngā pareā ahi o te whakatupuranga hou (NGFW) ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere mōhiohio me ngā huihuinga haumarutanga (SIEM) ki te urunga me te whakahaere tuakiri, me te maha atu anō.
I ngā wā o mua, kāore i hiahiatia te haumarutanga ipurangi mō ngā ratonga whakahaere pūnaha nā te mea kāore ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūnaha i hono ki te ipurangi. Nō reira, kāore i tūpono ki ngā tūmomo riri o waho. I te whānui haere o ngā kaupapa auahatanga mamati (DI) me te whakakotahitanga o ngā whatunga whakahaere hangarau mōhiohio, ka whakamahia e ngā whakahaere ngā otinga motuhake hei whakatika i ngā take motuhake.
Nā ēnei huarahi ki te haumarutanga ratonga whatunga i hua ake ai he whatunga uaua, kāore hoki e taea e ngā otinga te tiritiri i ngā mōhiohio me te whakarato i te tirohanga katoa.
He maha ngā wā ka wehea ngā whatunga IT me ngā whatunga OT, ā, ka tāruarua ngā mahi haumarutanga me te karo i te māramatanga. Kāore e taea e ēnei whatunga IT OT te whai i ngā mea e tupu ana puta noa i te mata o te whakaeke.
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I te nuinga o te wā, ka ripoata ngā whatunga OT ki te Tumu Whakahaere Matua, ā, ka ripoata ngā whatunga IT ki te Tumu Whakahaere Matua, ā, ka hua ake ko ngā tīma haumarutanga whatunga e rua e tiaki ana i te haurua o te whatunga katoa. Ka uaua pea te tautuhi i ngā rohe o te mata whakaeke nā te mea kāore ēnei tīma rerekē e mōhio he aha ngā mea e hono ana ki tā rātou ake whatunga. Haunga te uaua ki te whakahaere pai, ka waiho e ngā whatunga IT OT ētahi āputa nui i roto i te haumarutanga.
E ai ki te whakamāramatanga o tana huarahi ki te haumarutanga whatunga ratonga mōhiohio, ko te kite wawe i ngā tūmomo riri mā te whakamahi i te mōhiotanga katoa ki ngā āhuatanga o te hangarau mōhiohio me ngā whatunga ratonga mōhiohio.
Hangarau Mōhiohio (IT) vs. Hangarau Whakahaere (OT)
Whakamāramatanga
Hangarau Mōhiohio (IT)E pā ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā rorohiko, whatunga, me ngā pūmanawa hei whakahaere i ngā raraunga me ngā mōhiohio i roto i ngā horopaki pakihi me ngā horopaki whakahaere. Kei roto ko ngā mea katoa mai i ngā taputapu (ngā tūmau, ngā pouara) ki ngā pūmanawa (ngā tono, ngā pātengi raraunga) e tautoko ana i ngā mahi pakihi, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te whakahaere raraunga.
OT (Hangarau Whakahaere): Kei roto ko ngā taputapu me ngā pūmanawa e kitea ana, e puta ai rānei ngā huringa mā te aroturuki tika me te whakahaere i ngā taputapu ā-tinana, ngā tukanga, me ngā huihuinga i roto i tētahi whakahaere. He mea noa te OT i roto i ngā rāngai ahumahi, pērā i te hanga, te pūngao, me te kawe waka, ā, kei roto ko ngā pūnaha pērā i te SCADA (Mana Whakahaere me te Kohi Raraunga) me ngā PLC (Ngā Kaiwhakahaere Arorau Ka taea te Whakahōtaka).
Ngā Rerekētanga Matua
| Āhuatanga | IT | OT |
| Kaupapa | Te whakahaere me te tukatuka raraunga | Te whakahaere i ngā tukanga ā-tinana |
| Arotahi | Ngā pūnaha mōhiohio me te haumarutanga raraunga | Aunoatanga me te aroturukitanga o ngā taputapu |
| Taiao | Ngā tari, ngā pokapū raraunga | Ngā wheketere, ngā taiao ahumahi |
| Ngā Momo Raraunga | Ngā raraunga matihiko, ngā tuhinga | Ngā raraunga wā-tūturu mai i ngā pūoko me ngā mīhini |
| Haumarutanga | Te haumarutanga ipurangi me te tiaki raraunga | Te haumaru me te pono o ngā pūnaha ā-tinana |
| Ngā Kawa | HTTP, FTP, TCP/IP | Modbus, OPC, DNP3 |
Whakaurunga
I te aranga ake o te Ahumahi 4.0 me te Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT), kei te tino hira te hononga o te hangarau mōhiohio me te pūnaha whakahaere. Ko te whāinga o tēnei whakaurunga he whakarei ake i te whai huatanga, he whakapai ake i te tātari raraunga, me te whakahohe i te whakatau pai ake. Heoi anō, ka puta mai anō hoki ngā wero e pā ana ki te haumarutanga tukutuku, nā te mea i wehea ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūnaha mai i ngā whatunga hangarau mōhiohio.
Tuhinga e pā ana:Me whai kaihokohoko mōkihi whatunga tō Ipurangi o ngā Mea hei tiaki i te whatunga
Wā tuku: Hepetema-05-2024
