5G me te Tapatapa Whatunga
Ina whakahuatia whānuitia te 5G, ko te Network Slicing te hangarau e kōrerohia nuitia ana. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga pēnei i a KT, SK Telecom, China Mobile, DT, KDDI, NTT, me ngā kaihoko taputapu pēnei i a Ericsson, Nokia, me Huawei e whakapono ana ko Network Slicing te hoahoa whatunga tino pai mō te ao 5G.
Mā tēnei hangarau hou ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te wehewehe i ngā whatunga mariko maha i roto i tētahi hanganga taputapu, ā, ka wehea ia Wāhanga Whatunga mai i te taputapu, te whatunga urunga, te whatunga kawe me te whatunga matua kia tutuki ai ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā momo ratonga rerekē.
Mō ia Wāhanga Whatunga, ka tino whakamanahia ngā rauemi kua whakatapua pērā i ngā tūmau mariko, te whānui o te whatunga, me te kounga o te ratonga. Nā te mea kua wehea ngā wāhanga tetahi i tetahi, kāore ngā hapa, ngā rahunga rānei o tētahi wāhanga e pā ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o ētahi atu wāhanga.
He aha i hiahiatia ai te 5G hei Tapatapa Whatunga?
Mai i ngā rā o mua ki te whatunga 4G o nāianei, ko ngā whatunga pūkoro te nuinga e mahi ana mō ngā waea pūkoro, ā, ko te tikanga he arotau noa iho mō ngā waea pūkoro. Heoi, i te wā 5G, me mahi ngā whatunga pūkoro ki ngā momo taputapu me ngā whakaritenga rerekē. He maha ngā āhuatanga tono kua whakahuatia ko te whānui waea pūkoro, te iot tauine nui, me te iot tino nui. Me whai momo whatunga rerekē rātou katoa, ā, he rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō te nekenekehanga, te kaute, te haumarutanga, te whakahaere kaupapa here, te whakaroa, te pono me ētahi atu.
Hei tauira, ka honoa e tētahi ratonga iot nui ngā pūoko pumau hei ine i te pāmahana, te haumākū, te ua, me ētahi atu. Kāore he take mō ngā whakawhiti, ngā whakahōutanga tauwāhi, me ētahi atu āhuatanga o ngā waea matua e mahi ana i roto i te whatunga pūkoro. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā ratonga iot tino hira pērā i te taraiwa motuhake me te mana mamao o ngā karetao me whai wā whakaroa mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga o ētahi mirihekona, he tino rerekē tēnei i ngā ratonga whānui pūkoro.
Ngā horopaki matua mō te whakamahi i te 5G
Ko te tikanga o tēnei me whai whatunga motuhake tātou mō ia ratonga? Hei tauira, kotahi e mahi ana mō ngā waea pūkoro 5G, kotahi e mahi ana mō te ioT nui 5G, ā, kotahi e mahi ana mō te ioT nui o te misioni 5G. Kāore e hiahiatia, nā te mea ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te tapahi whatunga hei wehewehe i ngā whatunga arorau maha mai i tētahi whatunga tinana motuhake, he huarahi tino whai hua!
Ngā Whakaritenga Tono mō te Tapahi Whatunga
Ko te wāhanga whatunga 5G i whakaahuatia i roto i te pepa ma 5G i tukuna e te NGMN e whakaaturia ana i raro nei:
Me pēhea tā tātou whakatinana i te Whatunga Tapatapa mai i te pito ki te pito?
(1)Whatunga urunga ahokore 5G me te whatunga matua: NFV
I roto i te whatunga pūkoro o ēnei rā, ko te waea pūkoro te taputapu matua. Ka hangaia te RAN (DU me te RU) me ngā mahi matua mai i ngā taputapu whatunga motuhake e whakaratohia ana e ngā kaihoko RAN. Hei whakatinana i te tapahi whatunga, he mea nui te Whatunga Mahi Mariko (NFV). Ko te whakaaro matua o te NFV ko te whakatinana i te pūmanawa mahi whatunga (arā, MME, S/P-GW me te PCRF i roto i te matua kete me te DU i roto i te RAN) katoa i roto i ngā mīhini mariko i runga i ngā tūmau arumoni, kaua i roto i ā rātou taputapu whatunga motuhake. Mā tēnei, ka kiia te RAN ko te kapua taha, ko te mahi matua ko te kapua matua. Ka whirihorahia te hononga i waenga i te VMS kei te taha me te kapua matua mā te whakamahi i te SDN. Kātahi ka hangaia he wāhanga mō ia ratonga (arā, wāhanga waea, wāhanga iot nui, wāhanga iot tino nui, me ētahi atu).
Me pēhea te whakatinana i tētahi o ngā Network Slicing(I)?
E whakaatu ana te ahua i raro nei me pēhea te whakamāori me te tāuta i ia taupānga motuhake ki ia poro. Hei tauira, ka taea te whirihora i te poro penei:
(1) Te tapahi UHD: te whakamāori i ngā tūmau DU, 5G matua (UP) me te keteroki i roto i te kapua taha, me te whakamāori i ngā tūmau 5G matua (CP) me te MVO i roto i te kapua matua
(2) Te tapahi waea: te whakamāori i ngā tūmau matua 5G (UP me CP) me IMS me ngā āheinga nekeneke katoa i roto i te kapua matua
(3) Te tapahi iot nui (hei tauira, ngā whatunga pūoko): Ko te whakamāori i tētahi matua 5G māmā, māmā hoki i roto i te kapua matua kāore he āheinga whakahaere nekenekehanga.
(4) Te tapahi iot tino hira: Te whakamāori i ngā matua 5G (UP) me ngā tūmau e pā ana (hei tauira, ngā tūmau V2X) i roto i te kapua taha hei whakaiti i te whakaroa tuku
Tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, me waihanga e mātou he wāhanga motuhake mō ngā ratonga me ngā whakaritenga rerekē. Ā, ka whakanohoia ngā mahi whatunga mariko ki ngā wāhi rerekē i roto i ia wāhanga (arā, te kapua taha, te kapua matua rānei) e ai ki ngā āhuatanga ratonga rerekē. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi mahi whatunga, pērā i te nama, te whakahaere kaupapa here, me ētahi atu, ka hiahiatia pea i roto i ētahi wāhanga, engari kāore i roto i ētahi atu. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakarite i te wāhanga whatunga ki tā rātou e hiahia ana, ā, koinei pea te huarahi tino whai hua.
Me pēhea te whakatinana i tētahi o ngā Network Slicing(I)?
(2) Te wehewehe whatunga i waenga i te kapua taha me te kapua matua: IP/MPLS-SDN
Ahakoa he ariā māmā noa iho te whatunga kua tautuhia e te pūmanawa i te wā i whakaurua tuatahitia ai, kei te piki haere te uaua. Hei tauira, mā te hangarau Overlay, ka taea e te hangarau SDN te whakarato hononga whatunga i waenga i ngā mīhini mariko i runga i te hanganga whatunga o nāianei.
Te Tapahi Whatunga Mutunga-ki-Mutu
Tuatahi, ka tirohia e tātou me pēhea te whakarite kia haumaru te hononga whatunga i waenga i te kapua taha me ngā mīhini mariko kapua matua. Me whakatinana te whatunga i waenga i ngā mīhini mariko i runga i te IP/MPLS-SDN me te Transport SDN. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka arotahi tātou ki te IP/MPLS-SDN e whakaratohia ana e ngā kaihoko pouara. E tuku ana a Ericsson me Juniper i ngā hua hoahoa whatunga IP/MPLS SDN. He rerekē paku ngā mahi, engari he tino ōrite te hononga i waenga i ngā VMS e hangai ana ki te SDN.
Kei roto i te kapua matua ngā tūmau mariko. I roto i te hypervisor o te tūmau, whakahaerehia te vRouter/vSwitch kua hangaia. Ka whakaratohia e te kaiwhakahaere SDN te whirihoranga kauhanga i waenga i te tūmau mariko me te pouara DC G/W (te pouara PE e hanga ana i te MPLS L3 VPN i roto i te pokapū raraunga kapua). Waihangahia ngā kauhanga SDN (arā, MPLS GRE, VXLAN rānei) i waenga i ia mīhini mariko (hei tauira, te matua 5G IoT) me ngā pouara DC G/W i roto i te kapua matua.
Kātahi ka whakahaerehia e te kaiwhakahaere SDN te mahere i waenga i ēnei kauhanga me te MPLS L3 VPN, pērā i te IoT VPN. He rite tonu te tukanga i roto i te kapua taha, ka hangaia he poro iot e hono ana mai i te kapua taha ki te tuarā IP/MPLS tae noa ki te kapua matua. Ka taea te whakatinana i tēnei tukanga i runga i ngā hangarau me ngā paerewa kua pakari, ā, e wātea ana i tēnei wā.
(3) Te wehewehe whatunga i waenga i te kapua taha me te kapua matua: IP/MPLS-SDN
Ko te mea e toe ana ināianei ko te whatunga mua waea pūkoro. Me pēhea te tapahi i tēnei whatunga mua waea pūkoro i waenga i te kapua taha me te 5G RU? Tuatahi, me tautuhi tuatahi te whatunga mua 5G. Kei te matapakihia ētahi kōwhiringa (hei tauira, te whakauru i tētahi whatunga whakamua hou e hangai ana ki te pākete mā te tautuhi anō i te mahi a DU me RU), engari kāore anō kia hangaia he whakamāramatanga paerewa. Ko te ahua e whai ake nei he hoahoa e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te rōpū mahi ITU IMT 2020, ā, e whakaatu ana i tētahi tauira o tētahi whatunga mua mariko.
Tauira o te Wehewehenga Whatunga C-RAN 5G e te Whakahaere ITU
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-02-2024
